The carotenoids as anti-oxidants — a review

Edge, Ruth; McGarvey, David J.; Truscott, T. George

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00092-4

Cited by 848 publications

(621 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Godley et al (2005) showed that ROS levels were strikingly higher in macular RPE compared to peripheral RPE. Usually, RPE oxidative stress is reduced by endogenous RPE antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (Newsome et al, 1990;Tate et al, 1993Tate et al, , 1995aEdge et al, 1997;Fukuzawa et al, 1998;Jarrett et al, 2006). With aging, however, these RPE defenses decrease (Tate et al, 1993;Liles et al, 1991;Samiec et al, 1998), permitting ROS to ultimately overwhelm RPE cell defenses, leading to apoptotic damage (Ballinger et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase reactive oxygen species through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase in cultured RPE cells

Yang

Elner

Bian

et al. 2007

Experimental Eye Research

365

242

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during inflammation are believed to play critical roles in various ocular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated if pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), induce ROS in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ increased both intracellular and extracellular ROS production in a time-and dosedependent manner. Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory chain, blocked TNF-α-and IFN-γ-, but not IL-1β-induced ROS, whereas other two mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, rotenone and antimycin A, had no effect. NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodinium) abolished the ROS production induced by IL-1β or IFN-γ, but not by TNF-α, whereas 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN), an inhibitor of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS), had no significant effects on the ROS induced by all three cytokines. ROS scavengers, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), reduced the levels of ROS induced by TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ increase mitochondrial-and NADPH oxidase-generated ROS in human RPE cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase reactive oxygen species through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase in cultured RPE cells

Yang

Elner

Bian

et al. 2007

Experimental Eye Research

365

242

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“…Many different carotenoids can be metabolized to products with retinoid activity [6,7]; however, because of the presence of oxygenated groups in terminal ionone rings, most xanthophylls do not fit the structural requirements for provitamin A activity so they serve other non-vitamin A functions [3,6]. Along with carotenes, oxygenated carotenoids are efficient antioxidants that can quench singlet oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and various other free radicals that are by-products of metabolic process in cells or from environmental pollutants [8,9,10]. They also can function as photoprotectants against light-induced damage in heavily exposed tissues such as skin and the eye [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebrate and invertebrate carotenoid-binding proteins

Bhosale

Bernstein

2007

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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In invertebrates and vertebrates, carotenoids are ubiquitous colorants, antioxidants, and provitamin A compounds that must be absorbed from dietary sources and transported to target tissues where they are taken up and stabilized to perform their physiological functions. These processes occur in a specific and regulated manner mediated by high-affinity carotenoid-binding proteins. In this minireview, we examine the published literature on carotenoid-binding proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate systems, and we report our initial purification and characterization of a novel luteinbinding protein isolated from liver of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).

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“…A wide range of antioxidants, both natural and synthetic, has been proposed for use in the treatment of many human diseases. Among naturally occurring antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (7), a -tocopherol (8), ascorbic acid (9,10), catalase (11), glutathione (12,13), and carotenoids (14) have been receiving considerable attention. Thiols (N-acetylcysteine) (15)(16)(17), xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, oxypurinol) (18,19), Trolox C (20), and probucol (21) have been used as synthetic molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antioxidant action of Polypodium leucotomos extract and kojic acid: reactions with reactive oxygen species

Gomes

Lunardi

González

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Two natural products Polypodium leucotomos extract (PL) and kojic acid (KA) were tested for their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (in phosphate buffer. Hydroxyl radicals were generated by the Fenton reaction, and the rate constants of scavenging were 1.6 x 10 9 M -1 s -1 for KA and 1.0 x 10 9 M -1 s -1 for PL, similar to that of ethanol (1.4 x 10 9 M -1 s -1 ). With superoxide anions generated by the xanthine/hypoxanthine system, KA and PL (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) inhibited · O 2 -dependent reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by up to 30 and 31%, respectively. In the detection of 1 O 2 by rose bengal irradiation, PL at 1.0 mg/ml quenched singlet oxygen by 43% relative to azide and KA by 36%. The present study demonstrates that PL showed an antioxidant effect, scavenging three of four reactive oxygen species tested here. Unlike KA, PL did not significantly scavenge hydrogen peroxide. Correspondence

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The carotenoids as anti-oxidants — a review

Cited by 848 publications

References 65 publications

Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase reactive oxygen species through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase in cultured RPE cells

Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase reactive oxygen species through mitochondria and NADPH oxidase in cultured RPE cells

Vertebrate and invertebrate carotenoid-binding proteins

The antioxidant action of Polypodium leucotomos extract and kojic acid: reactions with reactive oxygen species

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