The case report of Mycobacterium arupense wound infection in diabetes mellitus patients; the first report and literature review

Abstract

Mycobacterium arupense is among the opportunist pathogens of atypical mycobacteria emergence (atypical mycobacteria) that is one of the isolated and reported environmental and clinical specimens. Numerous cases of osteo-articular infections of this bacterium are reported nowadays, while the pulmonary infection is rare. We identified Mycobacterium arupense in non-healing wound infection of an elderly woman with history of diabetes mellitus. She has negative tests for HIV, HBV and HCV, but was positive for HTLV-1. The patient was referred according to mild-fever, non-healing, destructive, and swelled lesion on her left foot. The mycobacterial wounds infection was suspected due to her non-conclusive previous treatment. The pathology, acid-fast staining, conventional and 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the micro-organism to be M. arupense . Finally, the patient recovered following two-week consumption of clarithromycin, ethambutol and rifabutin. The results of this study provide evidence on the potential pathogenicity, clinical outcomes and treatment of infections caused by this bacterium.

The cause–effect relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus

“…In addition to dysfunction of the cellular immunity, it can affect complement effector system and antibody production ( Berbudi et al., 2020 ). In fact diabetes increases susceptibility to various infections like HIV ( Grinspoon, 2009 ), fungal infections ( Lao et al., 2020 ), mycobacterium ( Kumar and Babu 2017 ; Navid et al., 2020 ) and recently COVID-19 ( Erener, 2020 ). Type 2 diabetes is considered to be a major risk factor for increased susceptibility to TB infection and reactivation ( Baker et al., 2011 ; Yorke et al., 2017 ; Mukhtar and Butt, 2018 ; Ayelign et al., 2019 ; Alim et al., 2020 ).…”