The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon onion particles by platinum catalysts

Review: carbon onions for electrochemical energy storage

“…Carbon onions, also called onion-like carbon or carbon nano-onions, are nanoscopic carbon particles, with a nearly spherical shape made of multiple enclosed fullerene-like carbon shells. The unique combination of high electrical conductivity (comparable to carbon black), large external surface area, and nanoscopic size (commonly below 10 nm), alongside the possibility for large-scale synthesis and chemical modication, 2 has made this material very attractive for applications, ranging from lubrication and catalysis 3 to electrochemical energy storage (EES), 4 biomedical imaging, 2 and water treatment. 5 Carbon onions have been explored intensively for EES applications as electrode materials for ultrafast charge/discharge devices 6 or as a potent conductive additive to enhance the power handling ability of activated carbon.…”

“…Subtler differentiation in the name based on the shape ranging from spherical to polyhedral is also neither practical nor easily quantiable. Based on considerations similar to those used in the nomenclature of carbon nanotubes, we suggest application of the term "carbon onions" only to those carbon particles that have at least 4 shells (like multi-wall carbon nanotubes), a size smaller than 100 nm, spherical or polyhedral shape, and a partially defective structure (amorphous domains, or islands of sp 3 -hybridized carbon). The distinct structural characteristic dening carbon onions should be the clearly visible multi-shell character.…”

Carbon Nano‐Onions: A Review of Recent Progress in Synthesis and Applications

“…The formation of spherical CNOs was investigated by several experimental methods, such as Raman spectroscopy,, solid state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,, and X‐ray emission and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies ,. Raman spectroscopic study of spherical CNOs and comparisons of their spectroscopic properties to diamond and graphite were performed ,.…”

Molecular Dynamical Investigation of Lithium-Ion Adsorption on Multilayer Fullerene

“…Multilayer fullerenes have a unique combination of high conductivity (compared to carbon black), large surface area and nanometer size (generally no more than 10 nm), and the possibility of large-scale synthesis and chemical modification [9]. From biomedical imaging [9] to electrochemical energy storage (EES) [10], lubrication and catalysis [11], and water treatment [12], this material has been advantageous. In EES applications, whether it is electrode materials for ultrafast charge/discharge devices [13], or conductive additives used to enhance the power-handling capability of activated carbon [14], multi-layer fullerenes have been widely used.…”