The catalyzed low-temperature hydrogen-oxygen reaction

Ladacki, M.

doi:10.1016/0021-9517(65)90014-x

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fuel cells making use of H 2 are of great commercial interest owing to the high energy density and low operating temperatures . The exhaust from such fuel cells contains a high amount of unreacted H 2 that needs to be processed before releasing to the environment . This requires the oxidation of H 2 in oxygen or air.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Insights into Selective Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides by Microwave-Assisted Reduction: Rapid Synthesis of High-Activity Supported Catalysts

et al. 2011

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Microwave-based methods are widely employed to synthesize metal nanoparticles on various substrates. However, the detailed mechanism of formation of such hybrids has not been addressed. In this paper, we describe the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of reduction of metal salts by ethylene glycol under microwave heating conditions. On the basis of this analysis, we identify the temperatures above which the reduction of the metal salt is thermodynamically favorable and temperatures above which the rates of homogeneous nucleation of the metal and the heterogeneous nucleation of the metal on supports are favored. We delineate different conditions which favor the heterogeneous nucleation of the metal on the supports over homogeneous nucleation in the solvent medium based on the dielectric loss parameters of the solvent and the support and the metal/solvent and metal/support interfacial energies. Contrary to current understanding, we show that metal particles can be selectively formed on the substrate even under situations where the temperature of the substrate is lower than that of the surrounding medium. The catalytic activity of the Pt/CeO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) hybrids synthesized by this method for H(2) combustion reaction shows that complete conversion is achieved at temperatures as low as 100 °C with Pt-CeO(2) catalyst and at 50 °C with Pt-TiO(2) catalyst. Our method thus opens up possibilities for rational synthesis of high-activity supported catalysts using a fast microwave-based reduction method.

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confidence: 99%

New Insights into Selective Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides by Microwave-Assisted Reduction: Rapid Synthesis of High-Activity Supported Catalysts

et al. 2011

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“…However, the Pt electrodes were limited to a small area, restricting the combustion of hydrogen and generation of heat. Thus, a Pt/SiO 2 catalyst, which is well‐known as an efficient catalyst for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen, was coated on the whole surface of La‐doped BaTiO 3 to assist the hydrogen combustion on the sensor device. Figure shows the dependence of the sensor response on hydrogen concentration for the sensors coated with and without a Pt/SiO 2 catalyst.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Combustion‐Type Hydrogen Sensor Using BaTiO₃‐based PTC Thermistor

Yuasa

Nagano²,

Tachibana³

et al. 2013

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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A catalytic combustion-type gas sensor using a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor, which shows a sharp resistance change around Curie temperature, was developed for the detection of hydrogen. La-doped BaTiO 3 (Ba 0.998 La 0.002 TiO 3 ) was prepared through a solid-state method and an oxalic acid method. La-doped BaTiO 3 obtained by the oxalic acid method showed improved PTC properties, due to the formation of fine particles, as compared to that prepared with the solid-state method. The resulting sensor device showed a fairly high H 2 sensitivity in the range of 100-1000 ppm. In addition, the H 2 sensitivity and response speed were improved by coating a Pt/SiO 2 catalyst on the sensor device because the catalytic combustion efficiency of H 2 was improved by the catalyst coating.D. Damjanovic-contributing editor Manuscript No. 32105. J ournalMoreover, we also investigated the effect of a Pt-based combustion catalyst on the sensor response.

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“…In cases where the CHC catalyst has sufficient catalytic activity, the CHC reaction proceeds spontaneously under standard ambient conditions. For instance, on the surface of nano-sized Pt particles, the CHC reaction can be initiated at sub-zero temperatures, whereas gaseous hydrogen combustion typically initiates at 585 • C in the absence of a catalyst [120,123]. More so, hydrogen is relatively sensitive to catalytic combustion as, for instance, the catalytic combustion of methane proceeds at 275-450 • C [58,[124][125][126][127].…”

Section: Chcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion for Domestic and Safety Applications: A Critical Review of Catalyst Materials and Technologies

2021

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Spatial heating and cooking account for a significant fraction of global domestic energy consumption. It is therefore likely that hydrogen combustion will form part of a hydrogen-based energy economy. Catalytic hydrogen combustion (CHC) is considered a promising technology for this purpose. CHC is an exothermic reaction, with water as the only by-product. Compared to direct flame-based hydrogen combustion, CHC is relatively safe as it foregoes COx, CH4, and under certain conditions NOx formation. More so, the risk of blow-off (flame extinguished due to the high fuel flow speed required for H2 combustion) is adverted. CHC is, however, perplexed by the occurrence of hotspots, which are defined as areas where the localized surface temperature is higher than the average surface temperature over the catalyst surface. Hotspots may result in hydrogen’s autoignition and accelerated catalyst degradation. In this review, catalyst materials along with the hydrogen technologies investigated for CHC applications were discussed. We showed that although significant research has been dedicated to CHC, relatively limited commercial applications have been identified up to date. We further showed the effect of catalyst support selection on the performance and durability of CHC catalysts, as well as a holistic summary of existing catalysts used for various CHC applications and catalytic burners. Lastly, the relevance of CHC applications for safety purposes was demonstrated.

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The catalyzed low-temperature hydrogen-oxygen reaction

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

New Insights into Selective Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides by Microwave-Assisted Reduction: Rapid Synthesis of High-Activity Supported Catalysts

New Insights into Selective Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides by Microwave-Assisted Reduction: Rapid Synthesis of High-Activity Supported Catalysts

Catalytic Combustion‐Type Hydrogen Sensor Using BaTiO₃‐based PTC Thermistor

Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion for Domestic and Safety Applications: A Critical Review of Catalyst Materials and Technologies

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The catalyzed low-temperature hydrogen-oxygen reaction

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

New Insights into Selective Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides by Microwave-Assisted Reduction: Rapid Synthesis of High-Activity Supported Catalysts

New Insights into Selective Heterogeneous Nucleation of Metal Nanoparticles on Oxides by Microwave-Assisted Reduction: Rapid Synthesis of High-Activity Supported Catalysts

Catalytic Combustion‐Type Hydrogen Sensor Using BaTiO3‐based PTC Thermistor

Catalytic Hydrogen Combustion for Domestic and Safety Applications: A Critical Review of Catalyst Materials and Technologies

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Catalytic Combustion‐Type Hydrogen Sensor Using BaTiO₃‐based PTC Thermistor