The causes of new-onset epilepsy and seizures in the elderly

Li, Shasha; Yu, Weihua; Lü, Yang

doi:10.2147/ndt.s107905

Cited by 93 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Second, due to low temporal resolution, fMRI is less efficient in the investigation of temporal dynamics of functional connectivity, and consequently, it is reasonable to mention that most of the existing aging studies assumed that functional connectivity is stationary during rest. However, a recent fMRI study by Chen et al [11], inspired from the evidences in the studies of schizophrenia [17], cognition impairment [18], depression [19] and epilepsy [20], has examined the temporal dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity in young and elder subjects, and found it non-stationary. Moreover, they reported a decline in the modularization of dynamic functional connectivity in elderly subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Aging: Alterations in Scalp EEG Using Broadband and Band-Resolved Topographic Maps

2020

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Given the majority of age-related diseases have been described as disconnection syndromes, understanding the functional connections of normal aging is of considerable importance. Here, an EEG-based scalp level analysis has been performed to identify the alterations in the synchronized brain regions in aged, compared to young persons. Two groups, aged and young subjects were studied, each consisting of 18 participants. First, conventionally extracted broadband topographic maps, also called microstate maps, were examined. The results showed an overall dominant alteration: a uniform decrease in synchronization of brain regions related to cognitive processing resources that was observed only when the maps C and D were characterized in temporal parameters. However, no remarkable change in the spatial distribution was found between the groups. This failure in identifying differences in the spatial distribution was hypothesized to be due to the presence of superimposed signals of several frequencies in the broadband signal that is used for the extraction of microstate maps. Second, spectrally resolved band-wise topographic maps, which we have shown, in a previous study, are able to detect spectral details associated with broadband microstates maps, were used to address this failure. The use of the instantaneous frequency concept is essential in the extraction of band-wise topographic maps, and represents a novelty compared to current studies. The method consists of three steps: (a) from EEG signal, the Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used to extract underlying oscillatory components; (b) these intrinsic oscillatory components are then amplitude demodulated and subjected to numerical equations for the calculation of instantaneous features, such as amplitude, and frequency; finally, (c) based on these instantaneous features, band-wise topographic maps are extracted. Here, as a first application to aging data, these band-wise topographic maps have shown the capability of capturing the age-related changes in both spatial distributions, and in temporal characterization. Spatially, the potential distribution in the aged and the young subject groups, respectively, showed differences, while, in temporal characterization, both increases and decreases were observed, suggesting the lengths of synchronized activities vary differentially, and in accordance with results from fMRI studies. These observed differences also support the dedifferentiation and compensation mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Aging: Alterations in Scalp EEG Using Broadband and Band-Resolved Topographic Maps

2020

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“…The neonatal brain is in a hyperexcitable state, essential for normal brain development including processes such as synaptogenesis, dendritic spine density development, glial proliferation, myelination and axon guidance [16,17]. Unfortunately, this hyperexcitable state renders the neonatal population at a greater risk to develop seizures particularly within the first two days of life [18,19]. In fact, the incidence rate of seizures in neonates is between 1.8-3.5 per 1000 live births and 10-fold higher in pre-terms [20,21].…”

Section: Neonatal Seizuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Seizures and Purinergic Signalling

Méndez¹,

Smith

Engel

2020

IJMS

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Neonatal seizures are one of the most common comorbidities of neonatal encephalopathy, with seizures aggravating acute injury and clinical outcomes. Current treatment can control early life seizures; however, a high level of pharmacoresistance remains among infants, with increasing evidence suggesting current anti-seizure medication potentiating brain damage. This emphasises the need to develop safer therapeutic strategies with a different mechanism of action. The purinergic system, characterised by the use of adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites as signalling molecules, consists of the membrane-bound P1 and P2 purinoreceptors and proteins to modulate extracellular purine nucleotides and nucleoside levels. Targeting this system is proving successful at treating many disorders and diseases of the central nervous system, including epilepsy. Mounting evidence demonstrates that drugs targeting the purinergic system provide both convulsive and anticonvulsive effects. With components of the purinergic signalling system being widely expressed during brain development, emerging evidence suggests that purinergic signalling contributes to neonatal seizures. In this review, we first provide an overview on neonatal seizure pathology and purinergic signalling during brain development. We then describe in detail recent evidence demonstrating a role for purinergic signalling during neonatal seizures and discuss possible purine-based avenues for seizure suppression in neonates.

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“…Penyakit serebrovaskular, cedera otak, tumor, neoplasma, dan infeksi sistem saraf pusat merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya kejang simtomatik akut dan memiliki risiko meningkatkan epilepsi. 14 Angka epilepsi juga meningkat pada pasien dewasa hingga geriatri disebabkan oleh faktor sosial-ekonomi sehingga penderita epilepsi menjadi enggan untuk berobat. 15 Kelompok usia pasien terbanyak yang menggunakan digoksin adalah kelompok pasien berusia 46-55 tahun dengan diagnosis atrial fibrillatio (AF) dan congestive heart failure (CHF).…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Pemantauan Kadar Obat Indeks Terapi Sempit Melalui Estimasi Kadar Obat di Dalam Darah pada Pasien Rawat Inap di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo, Purwokerto

Suryoputri

Mustikaningtias

Maharani

2020

ijcp

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Pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah dapat dilakukan secara matematika dengan pendekatan farmakokinetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui estimasi kadar obat indeks terapi sempit di dalam darah sesuai dosis yang diberikan pada pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit. Pemantauan kadar obat dalam darah perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin tercapainya kadar obat yang cukup di tempat aksi/reseptor melalui aturan dosis yang diberikan, sehingga dapat mencegah timbulnya efek toksik dan mencapai clinical outcome pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan observasional. Data mengenai dosis dan frekuensi pemberian obat diperoleh dari data rekam medik pasien, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan estimasi kadar tunak dalam darah (Css) dengan pendekatan secara farmakokinetik. Data diolah secara deskriptif analitik. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien rawat inap yang mendapatkan terapi aminofilin intravena (iv), fenitoin iv dan digoxin per oral (po) di Bangsal Paru, Saraf, dan Jantung (Penyakit Dalam) RSUD Prof Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto selama bulan Juni-Agustus 2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada estimasi kadar aminofilin di dalam darah, sebanyak 13 pasien (61,9%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (10-20 mg/L) dan 8 pasien (38,1%) di luar rentang terapi; pada estimasi kadar fenitoin di dalam darah, sebanyak 8 pasien (28,1%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (10-20 mg/L) dan 24 pasien (71,9%) berada di luar rentang terapi; dan pada estimasi kadar digoxin di dalam darah, sebanyak 4 pasien (11,8%) berada di dalam rentang terapi (0,50-0,90 ng/mL) dan 30 pasien (88,2%) berada di luar rentang terapi. Jumlah pasien yang memiliki estimasi kadar obat di dalam darah berada di dalam rentang terapi adalah 25 pasien (28,7%) dan jumlah pasien yang memiliki estimasi kadar obat di dalam darah berada di luar rentang terapi adalah 62 pasien (71,3%) sesuai dosis yang diberikan kepada pasien. Kadar obat di luar rentang terapi dikhawatirkan dapat menimbulkan kejadian toksisitas dan kemungkinan tidak dapat menghasilkan clinical outcome yang diinginkan.

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The causes of new-onset epilepsy and seizures in the elderly

Cited by 93 publications

References 88 publications

Normal Aging: Alterations in Scalp EEG Using Broadband and Band-Resolved Topographic Maps

Normal Aging: Alterations in Scalp EEG Using Broadband and Band-Resolved Topographic Maps

Neonatal Seizures and Purinergic Signalling

Pemantauan Kadar Obat Indeks Terapi Sempit Melalui Estimasi Kadar Obat di Dalam Darah pada Pasien Rawat Inap di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo, Purwokerto

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