The Causes of Rapid Infant Mortality Decline in England and Wales, 1861–1921 Part I

Woods, Robert; Watterson, Patricia A.; Woodward, JH.

doi:10.1080/0032472031000143516

Cited by 153 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…It has been also observed for other European cities (see Budnik and Liczbińska 2006; , 1993;Woods 1991;Woods et al 1988;Schellekens and van Poppel 2006). In all the studied parishes the summer infant mortality peak was due to deaths caused by gastric infections such as diarrhoeas and dysentery.…”

Section: Urban Ecology and Seasonal Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Watterson (1988) and Williams and Galley (1995) documented the effect of poor sanitary conditions on infant mortality rates (IMRs) for England and Wales during the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Woods et al (1988Woods et al ( , 1989, investigating infant mortality in cities in England and Wales of the same period, described the extremely high mortality caused by dysentery and diarrhoea related with poor sanitation as the 'urban-sanitary-diarrhoeal effect.' In nineteenth century France, Preston and van de Walle (1978) observed the fastest and greatest decline in mortality rates in Lyon, where a water-supply system to private houses and a sewage system were first constructed in the 1850s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ecological Conditions vs. Religious Denomination. Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth-Century Poznań

Liczbińska

2011

Hum Ecol

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Section: Urban Ecology and Seasonal Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecological Conditions vs. Religious Denomination. Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth-Century Poznań

Liczbińska

2011

Hum Ecol

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“…Woods et al (1988) pointed out the large contrasts between urban and rural areas in Victorian England, with higher mortality in more urban areas, and even a temporary increase observed in such areas in the late nineteenth century. Within urban areas such as London there were additional variations, for instance between the inner city and suburban areas, associated with poverty and poor living conditions.…”

Section: Infant Mortality: a Geographical Approach To The Study Of Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantifying and explaining changes in geographical inequality of infant mortality in England and Wales since the 1890s

Congdon

Campos

Curtis

et al. 2001

International Journal of Population Geography

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This paper considers the changing spatial pattern of infant mortality in England and Wales over the last century for a constant area de®nition. The analysis proceeds at the level of registration districts as de®ned in the 1890s, generated using the British Isles Historical Geographical Information System. Infant mortality at this spatial de®nition is followed over four points in time, the most recent being the early 1990s. Using a variety of inequality measures, the analysis demonstrates a decline in relative small-area differentials in the chances of infant deaths up to 1958, but some resurgence since then. Regression methods are then used to evaluate the effect of available social variables, such as population density and housing conditions. The analysis incorporates adjustments for the sampling variability in what are often small counts of infant deaths by adopting`pooling strength' techniques. Urban±rural differentiation has followed the same evolution: it was most marked in the 1890s and reappears by the 1990s, after being reduced somewhat in the earliest years of the UK National Health Service. Differentials in infant mortality according to the housing quality and economic status of different registration districts also gain in importance in the twentieth century compared with the 1890s.

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“…In towns and cities, in particular, living standards were often poor, sanitary conditions were bad (Abram De Swaan, 1988), and infectious and parasitic diseases were the primary causes of death (see Robert I. Woods et al, 1988, andJudith Wolleswinkel-van den Bosch et al, 1998, on the strong negative health effects from early industrialization and urbanization in Britain and the Netherlands). After 1875, mortality rates dropped spectacularly.…”

Section: B a Brief Overview Of Historical Developments Related To Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Conditions Early in Life and Individual Mortality

Berg

Lindeboom

Portrait³

2006

American Economic Review

328

210

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We analyze the effect of economic conditions early in life on individual mortality rate later in life, using business cycle conditions early in life as an exogenous indicator. Individual records from Dutch registers of birth, marriage, and death, covering a window of unprecedented size (1912-2000) are merged with historical data on macroeconomic and health indicators. We correct for secular changes over time and other mortality determinants. We nonparametrically compare those born in a recession to those born in the preceding boom, and we estimate duration models where the individual's mortality rate depends on current conditions, conditions early in life, age individual characteristics, including individual socio-economic indicators, and interaction terms. The results indicate a significant negative effect of economic conditions early in life on individual mortality rates at all ages.

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The Causes of Rapid Infant Mortality Decline in England and Wales, 1861–1921 Part I

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological Conditions vs. Religious Denomination. Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth-Century Poznań

Ecological Conditions vs. Religious Denomination. Mortality Among Catholics and Lutherans in Nineteenth-Century Poznań

Quantifying and explaining changes in geographical inequality of infant mortality in England and Wales since the 1890s

Economic Conditions Early in Life and Individual Mortality

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