The cellular response to curvature-induced stress

Biton, Yoav Y.; Safran, S. A.

doi:10.1088/1478-3975/6/4/046010

Cited by 50 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similar observations have been reported in endothelial monolayers where adherens junctions have been shown to be instrumental in this mechanical continuity via the cadherin/catenin complex that can anchor to the stress fibers extremities, independently of the FAs (29). Because of this continuity condition, the theoretical arguments invoking a balance between shear stress and the anisotropic bending stiffness of the stress fibers that were used to describe perpendicular alignment of the stress fibers at the single-cell level may be transposable to the present study (16,18). In this context, the decoration of the individual stress fibers by the FAs that appears to correlate with the circumferential orientation is likely to be an important contribution, as it would limit the impact of the bending anisotropy of the stress fibers themselves that tends to orient the fibers along the wire axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…More recently, it has been observed that the response of cells to positive curvature depends strongly on the cell type: Epithelial single cells spread in all directions and favor a circumferential alignment of their actin cytoskeleton (16), while fibroblasts align their cell body and their actin fibers longitudinally (16,17). Some of these differences are captured by a theoretical model in which cell adhesion and active contractility balance the anisotropic bending stiffness of the stress fibers (18). Very recently, monolayers formed from different endothelial cell types cultured on wires were shown to exhibit cell type-dependent orientations (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Architecture and migration of an epithelium on a cylindrical wire

Yevick

Duclos

Bonnet

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

116

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In a wide range of epithelial tissues such as kidney tubules or breast acini, cells organize into bidimensional monolayers experiencing an out-of-plane curvature. Cancer cells can also migrate collectively from epithelial tumors by wrapping around vessels or muscle fibers. However, in vitro experiments dealing with epithelia are mostly performed on flat substrates, neglecting this out-ofplane component. In this paper, we study the development and migration of epithelial tissues on glass wires of well-defined radii varying from less than 1 μm up to 85 μm. To uncouple the effect of out-of-plane curvature from the lateral confinement experienced by the cells in these geometries, we compare our results to experiments performed on narrow adhesive tracks. Because of lateral confinement, the velocity of collective migration increases for radii smaller than typically 20 μm. The monolayer dynamics is then controlled by front-edge protrusions. Conversely, high curvature is identified as the inducer of frequent cell detachments at the front edge, a phenotype reminiscent of the Epithelial−Mesenchymal Transition. High curvature also induces a circumferential alignment of the actin cytoskeleton, stabilized by multiple focal adhesions. This organization of the cytoskeleton is reminiscent of in vivo situations such as the development of the trachea of the Drosophila embryo. Finally, submicron radii halt the monolayer, which then reconfigures into hollow cysts.collective cell behaviors | out-of-plane curvature | epithelial tubes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture and migration of an epithelium on a cylindrical wire

Yevick

Duclos

Bonnet

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

116

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“…For example, active nematic theories predict the influence of substrate curvature on nematic structures . Thus, it will be important to study tissue behavior on out‐of‐plane 2D surfaces that mimic the corrugated surfaces cells encounter in vivo . Another example is the extracellular matrix, which is itself a fibrous material that can exhibit liquid crystalline properties .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the actin network that is the main cytoskeletal component driving morphological changes in the cell can form thick and nematically ordered actin bundles, i.e., stress fibers that anchor adherent cells to the substrate . The active remodeling and anisotropic mechanical properties of the stress fibers and the actin cytoskeleton have been found to influence cell migration and cell chirality, and can lead to the cellular sensing of their microenvironment, such as the sensing of substrate stiffness, substrate curvature, and stretch . For example, the phase transition of the actin network from an isotropic to nematic phase is dependent on the external stress when cells are spreading on soft or stiff substrates, and this contributes to substrate stiffness sensing ( Figure a) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals

Saw

Ladoux

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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Live tissues can self-organize and be described as active materials composed of cells that generate active stresses through continuous injection of energy. In vitro reconstituted molecular networks, as well as single-cell cytoskeletons show that their filamentous structures can portray nematic liquid crystalline properties and can promote nonequilibrium processes induced by active processes at the microscale. The appearance of collective patterns, the formation of topological singularities, and spontaneous phase transition within the cell cytoskeleton are emergent properties that drive cellular functions. More integrated systems such as tissues have cells that can be seen as coarse-grained active nematic particles and their interaction can dictate many important tissue processes such as epithelial cell extrusion and migration as observed in vitro and in vivo. Here, a brief introduction to the concept of active nematics is provided, and the main focus is on the use of this framework in the systematic study of predominantly 2D tissue architectures and dynamics in vitro. In addition how the nematic state is important in tissue behavior, such as epithelial expansion, tissue homeostasis, and the atherosclerosis disease state, is discussed. Finally, how the nematic organization of cells can be controlled in vitro for tissue engineering purposes is briefly discussed.

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“…Interestingly, it was found that cells tend to align either parallel or orthogonal to the direction of highest curvature, depending on the cell type. Inspired by these observations mechanical cell models have been proposed that suggest the importance of mechanical stress in the cytoskeleton for the detection of and response to curved structures [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring cellular traction forces on non-planar substrates

et al. 2016

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Animal cells use traction forces to sense the mechanics and geometry of their environment. Measuring these traction forces requires a workflow combining cell experiments, image processing and force reconstruction based on elasticity theory. Such procedures have already been established mainly for planar substrates, in which case one can use the Green's function formalism. Here we introduce a workflow to measure traction forces of cardiac myofibroblasts on non-planar elastic substrates. Soft elastic substrates with a wave-like topology were micromoulded from polydimethylsiloxane and fluorescent marker beads were distributed homogeneously in the substrate. Using feature vector-based tracking of these marker beads, we first constructed a hexahedral mesh for the substrate. We then solved the direct elastic boundary volume problem on this mesh using the finite-element method. Using data simulations, we show that the traction forces can be reconstructed from the substrate deformations by solving the corresponding inverse problem with an L1-norm for the residue and an L2-norm for a zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization. Applying this procedure to the experimental data, we find that cardiac myofibroblast cells tend to align both their shapes and their forces with the long axis of the deformable wavy substrate.

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The cellular response to curvature-induced stress

Cited by 50 publications

References 20 publications

Architecture and migration of an epithelium on a cylindrical wire

Architecture and migration of an epithelium on a cylindrical wire

Biological Tissues as Active Nematic Liquid Crystals

Measuring cellular traction forces on non-planar substrates

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