The cerebellum and language: Historical perspective and review

Internal modeling of upcoming speech: A causal role of the right posterior cerebellum in non-motor aspects of language production

“…These links include not only frontal motor areas, but also language-related areas such as Broca's region (Desmond et al, 2005;Mariën et al, 2001). As highlighted by Murdoch (2010), "this reciprocal connectivity forms a series of segregated neural loops that are hypothesized to facilitate linguistic function in the same way that the cerebellum enhances motor functions (Leiner et al, 1989). "…”

“…Based on connectivity and functional activation patterns, Stoodley and Schmahmann (2009;2010; see also Fiez, 1998 andIto, 2008 for similar topographical distinctions) distinguish three topographic functional regions: a "sensorimotor region" comprising the anterior lobe (I-V), lobule VIII, and lobule VI to a lesser extent; a "cognitive region" comprising lobules VI, VII and dentate nucleus -though it has been observed that within the dentate, motor and non-motor domains can also be distinguished (e.g., Dum & Strick, 2003); and a "limbic region" comprising vermis and fastigial nucleus (see figure 1a). In the particular case of language production both pure motor (speech articulation) and more cognitive aspects (linguistic processing) can be distinguished.…”

“…are not only always present during language processing, but they are essential to it as no language comprehension/production can take place without them. Elsewhere it has been argued that high-level linguistic disturbances subsequent to cerebellar lesions may be more accurately detected and characterized by high-level assessments that evaluate the proficiency of more complex language processes The Cerebellum and Self-monitoring in Language Production 9 beyond single word hierarchies (Murdoch, 2010). Such high-level assessments would consist in tasks demanding frontal lobe support in the manipulation of novel situations, lexical-semantic operations, the development of language strategies, and the organization and monitoring of responses (Copland et al, 2000).…”

“…By creating a situation of high load on the speech production monitor through the speeded nature of the task and by priming speech errors, we aimed at providing the ideal circumstances for observing a high-level linguistic impairment that would most probably be The Cerebellum and Self-monitoring in Language Production 10 undetectable with standard language test batteries (e.g., Copland et al, 2000;Murdoch, 2010). To have an additional marker of self-monitoring beyond global error rates, we manipulated the lexical status of the primed error outcomes.…”

Rytm w perspektywach: lingwistycznej i neurobiologicznej

“…Nadaktywność móżdżku obserwowaną u jąkających się tłumaczy się właśnie wysiłkiem, który wkładają w formułowanie płynnych wypowiedzi. Ta nadaktywność ma charakter kompensacyjny wobec zdestabilizowanych procesów językowych (Murdoch 2010). Chwiejność procesów językowych spowodowana jest także przez niespotykaną u osób zdrowych kolejność pobudzania o ś rodków mowy.…”