The cerebral cortex: Its roles in memory storage and remembering

Meyer, Donald R.

doi:10.3758/bf03332171

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The substantial evidence for induced recovery from amnesia makes it clear that the electrophysiological consequences of amnestie treatments (CNS seizures) cannot be distrupting the neural substrates of storage of information. We think these findings dovetail nieely with the conclusions drawn from studies of brain lesions and retention: extensive destruction of cortieal tissue disrupts memory retrieval but does not abolish the memory trace (e.g., LeVere, 1984;Meyer, 1984).…”

Section: Reversal Of Amnesia: Reexposure To the Amnestieagentmentioning

confidence: 55%

The status of memory following experimentally induced amnesias: Gone, but not forgotten

Riccio

Richardson

1984

Psychobiology

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Although the concept that information processing continues following the termination of a learning trial has long been represented in human research (e.g., "rehearsal"), it has only recently gained acknowledgement in studies of animal memory. An influential paper by McGaugh (1966) provided an important impetus in this direction by reviewing evidence that various posttrial manipulations could modulate retention. Thus, electroconvulsive shock (BCS) after training impaired memory, whereas strychnine administration enhanced it. Although McGaugh's (1966) specific interpretation was linked to a consolidation model of memory, the more general impact of his analysis may have been in calling attention to phenomena implying that the processing of information continues after the events constituting the nominallearning episode have ended. The notion of postacquisition processing has come to furnish a frame of reference for a variety of studies of animal memory (e.g., directed forgetting

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Section: Reversal Of Amnesia: Reexposure To the Amnestieagentmentioning

confidence: 55%

The status of memory following experimentally induced amnesias: Gone, but not forgotten

Riccio

Richardson

1984

Psychobiology

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“…This simply means that cortical areas will be more specialized. This tendency appears to fol low across the best investigated species: rats, which have relatively small brains, are noted for an unspe cialized cortex [Lashley, 1950;Meyer, 1984], whereas monkeys are relatively large brained and have very specialized cortex [Van Essen and Maunsell, 1983;Maunsell and Newsome, 1987], Generally, those in vestigating cortical organization seem to report an in crease in the number of distinct cortical areas with in creasing brain size [Campos and Welker, 1976;Kaas, 1987], It should also be noted that these effects of abso lute size could help explain why the extensive series of experiments from Meyer's laboratory consistently demonstrated that the cortex in rats is so beautifully equipotential, while standard neurological evidence from humans indicates cortical specialization. This also 'explains' why the visual cortex in cats is so strongly influenced by nonvisual input [Spinelli et a!., 1968;Fishman and Michael, 1973] while it is less so in monkeys [Bolanowski, S.J.…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Interconnection as a Function of Brain Size

Ringo¹

1991

Brain Behav Evol

294

151

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The effect of increasing brain size upon the degree of interconnection between neurons is analyzed. An explicit model suggests that as the brain is scaled up there must be a corresponding fall in percent connectedness (the fraction of cells with which any one cell communicates directly). The reason for this is that if the percent connectedness is to be maintained in the face of increased neuron number, then a large fraction of any brain size increase would be spent maintaining such interconnection while the increasing axon lengths would reduce neural computational speed. One implication is that larger brains, being necessarily limited in allowable interconnectedness, may tend to show more specialization.

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“…It appears, therefore, that the GC mediates the encoding of one of the several sensory features (e.g., odor, texture, temperature, and visual properties) on which representation of the instrumental outcome and the assignment of incentive value could be based, albeit the most salient of these elements with respect to the assignment of incentive value to nutritive outcomes. As such, it seems reasonable to propose that the GC acts as part of a distributed memory system involving closely related cortical areas, such as somatosensory, visual, and olfactory regions, damage to all of which appear to generate specific sensory agnosias (Meyer, 1984;Braun, 1989) that together may provide the basis for the formation of a rich sensory representation of specific instrumental outcomes.…”

Section: The Role Of the Gc In Incentive Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lesions of the Insular Cortex on Instrumental Conditioning: Evidence for a Role in Incentive Memory

2000

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In three experiments, we assessed the effect of lesions aimed at the gustatory region of the insular cortex on instrumental conditioning in rats. In experiment 1, the lesion had no effect on the acquisition of either lever pressing or chain pulling in fooddeprived rats whether these actions earned food pellets or a maltodextrin solution. The lesion did, however, attenuate the impact of outcome devaluation, induced by sensory-specific satiety, on instrumental performance but only when assessed in an extinction test. This effect was not secondary to an impairment in instrumental learning; in experiment 2, no evidence was found to suggest that the lesioned rats differed from shams in their ability to encode the specific action-outcome contingencies to which they were exposed during training. In experiment 3, however, lesioned rats were found to be insensitive to the impact of an incentive learning treatment conducted when they were undeprived; although, again, this deficit was confined to a test conducted in extinction. These results are consistent with the view that, in instrumental conditioning, the gustatory region of the insular cortex is involved in encoding the taste of food outcomes in memory and, hence, in encoding the incentive value assigned to these outcomes on the basis of prevailing motivational conditions.

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The cerebral cortex: Its roles in memory storage and remembering

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

The status of memory following experimentally induced amnesias: Gone, but not forgotten

The status of memory following experimentally induced amnesias: Gone, but not forgotten

Neuronal Interconnection as a Function of Brain Size

The Effect of Lesions of the Insular Cortex on Instrumental Conditioning: Evidence for a Role in Incentive Memory

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