The Cf-4 receptor-like protein associates with the BAK1 receptor-like kinase to initiate receptor endocytosis and plant immunity

Postma, Jelle; Liebrand, Twh; Bi, Guozhi; Evrard, Alexandre; Bye, RR; Mbengue, Malick; Joosten, Mhaj; Robatzek, Silke

doi:10.1101/019471

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The role of BRs in B. napus defence against Lm becomes more significant in the light of recent studies revealing the involvement of BRs in PAMPtriggered immunity (PTI) (Albrecht et al, 2012), and the striking overlap that exists between the PAMP recognition complexes and the plant receptor complexes for the recognition of intercellular filamentous pathogens (Liebrand et al, 2014). Several recent studies have shown that SOBIR1 and BAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase 1) form a complex with tomato RLPs to recognize C. fulvum, the pathogen of tomato (Postma et al, 2015). Lm shares a high degree of similarity with C. fulvum, in term of its infection process and host plant receptor complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the lifestyle transition and effector repertoire of Leptosphaeria maculans during the colonization of Brassica napus seedlings

Haddadi

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Molecular interaction between the causal agent of blackleg disease, Leptosphaeria maculans (Lm), and its host, Brassica napus, is largely unknown. We applied a deep RNA-sequencing approach to gain insight into the pathogenicity mechanisms of Lm and the defence response of B. napus. RNA from the infected susceptible B. napus cultivar Topas DH16516, sampled at 2-day intervals (0-8 days), was sequenced and used for gene expression profiling. Patterns of gene expression regulation in B. napus showed multifaceted defence responses evident by the differential expression of genes encoding the pattern recognition receptor CERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1), receptor like proteins and WRKY transcription factors. The up-regulation of genes related to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid at the initial and late stages of infection, respectively, provided evidence for the biotrophic and necrotrophic life stages of Lm during the infection of B. napus cotyledons. Lm transition from biotrophy to necrotropy was also supported by the expression function of Lm necrosis and ethylene-inducing (Nep-1)-like peptide. Genes encoding polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, with potential roles in pathogenicity, were up-regulated at 6-8 days after inoculation. Among other plant defence-related genes differentially regulated in response to Lm infection were genes involved in the reinforcement of the cell wall and the production of glucosinolates. Dual RNA-sequencing allowed us to define the Lm candidate effectors expressed during the infection of B. napus. Several candidate effectors suppressed Bax-induced cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamaina leaves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome‐wide transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the lifestyle transition and effector repertoire of Leptosphaeria maculans during the colonization of Brassica napus seedlings

Haddadi

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that overlap exists between the PRR perception of PAMPs and the RLP recognition of effectors secreted by the apoplastic fungi. A recent report by Postma et al (2015) showed that upon induction by Avr4, Cf4, interacts with BAK1. The recently discovered transmembrane LRR-RLK, SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1 (SOBIR1), is also required for ETI initiated by RLPs ( Liebrand et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The receptor-like kinase SOBIR1 interacts with Brassica napus LepR3 and is required for Leptosphaeria maculans AvrLm1-triggered immunity

Borhan

2015

Front. Plant Sci.

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The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (L. maculans) is the causal agent of blackleg disease of canola/oilseed rape (Brassica napus) worldwide. We previously reported cloning of the B. napus blackleg resistance gene, LepR3, which encodes a receptor-like protein. LepR3 triggers localized cell death upon recognition of its cognate Avr protein, AvrLm1. Here, we exploited the Nicotiana benthamiana model plant to investigate the recognition mechanism of AvrLm1 by LepR3. Co-expression of the LepR3/AvrLm1 gene pair in N. benthamiana resulted in development of a hypersensitive response (HR). However, a truncated AvrLm1 lacking its indigenous signal peptide was compromised in its ability to induce LepR3-mediated HR, indicating that AvrLm1 is perceived by LepR3 extracellularly. Structure-function analysis of the AvrLm1 protein revealed that the C-terminal region of AvrLm1 was required for LepR3-mediated HR in N. benthamiana and for resistance to L. maculans in B. napus. LepR3 was shown to be physically interacting with the B. napus receptor like kinase, SOBIR1 (BnSOBIR1). Silencing of NbSOBIR1 or NbSERK3 (BAK1) compromised LepR3-AvrLm1-dependent HR in N. benthamiana, suggesting that LepR3-mediated resistance to L. maculans in B. napus requires SOBIR1 and BAK1/SERK3. Using this model system, we determined that BnSOBIR1 and SERK3/BAK1 are essential partners in the LepR3 signaling complex and were able to define the AvrLm1 effector domain.

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“…In this study, the G-domain in the proteins only contained a short cytoplasmic tail, a typical RLKs are required by tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 against C. fulvum (Liebrand et al, 2013(Liebrand et al, , 2014Postma et al, 2015). In addition, SOBIR1 is essential for tobacco and tomato LeEix2 and tomato Ve1 proteins to induce plant defence against the fungus expressing the xylanase or V.…”

Section: C-terminal Flanking Regionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…SOBIR1 requires the GxxxG dimerization motif in its transmembrane domain to form constitutive complexes with RLPs (Bi et al, 2016). For instance, the LRR-RLP Cf and I proteins of Solanum lycopersicum require association with the signalling partner SOBIR1 and/or BAK1 to confer resistance against the fungal pathogens C. fulvum and F. oxysporum, respectively (Catanzariti et al, 2017;Liebrand et al, 2014;Postma et al, 2015). These two partners are also part of the B. napus Rlm2 and…”

Section: Extracellular Lrr Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Cf proteins of S. lycopersicum and the B. napus LRR-RLPs LepR3 and Rlm2 require association with the signalling partners SOBIR1 and BAK1 to confer resistance against the fungal pathogens C. fulvum and L. maculans, respectively (Larkan et al, 2015;Liebrand et al, 2014;Ma and Borhan 2015;Postma et al, 2015). The LRR domain, consisting of multiple LRRs, is reported to function in recognition of specific ligands Deisenhofer 1994, 1995;Shiu and Bleecker 2001a;Zhang and Thomma 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of candidate genes for blackleg resistance in the new Brassica juncea canola

Yang¹

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Brassica species are at the high risk of severe crop loss due to pathogens, especially Leptosphaeria maculans (the causal agent of blackleg). To date, only two blackleg resistance genes, Rlm2 and LepR3, have been cloned, both from Brassica napus, which are allelic variants encoded by the LepR3/Rlm2 locus on chromosome A10. LepR3 confers resistance to avirulence gene AvrLm1, which is also recognised by Rlm1; while Rlm2 interacts with AvrLm2. In this study, seven LepR3/Rlm2 allelic variants have been isolated from 53 Brassica varieties through cloning. Three novel allelic variants have been identified, including B. juncea-like allele lepR3BG2 (lepR3BG2-1 and lepR3BG2-2) encoding 739 amino acids (aa), lepR3BG4 encoding 924 aa and lepR3BG6 (lepR3BG6-1 and lepR3BG6-2) encoding 950 aa. In addition to the previously reported alleles, a total of 10 alleles have been detected in Brassica so far, revealing the diversity of the LepR3/Rlm2 locus. Additionally, no polymorphism has been observed within the LepR3 and Rlm2 genes, respectively, which were isolated from different resistant cultivars. The predicted primary structures of these alleles closely match that of a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein (LRR-RLP), and most of them comprise seven domains, except for lepR3BG2 and lepR3BG1 lacking domains D-G. The LRR domains significantly varied in repeat numbers from 24 to 30. Homology modelling of LepR3 and Rlm2 proteins showed a typical non-globular LRR fold, a right-handed super-helix, like the template structures from which it is derived. The combination analysis of primary structure and homology modelling suggested the B-domain of LepR3 and Rlm2 proteins may still contribute to their function; while their LRR motifs in the C-domain serve for ligand specificity; finally, their interaction with signalling partner SOBIR1 and BAK1 requires a C-terminal region. Allele-specific primers have been designed based on the sequences of alleles previously reported and newly found in this study, to rapidly detect the diverse locus of LepR3/Rlm2 on chromosome A10. Moreover, the specific markers towards LepR3 and Rlm2 have been applied to confirm the cultivars that contain these resistance genes. The LepR3 specific markers also offered a method to verify whether the resistance gene interaction with AvrLm1 is with Rlm1 or LepR3. The results confirm that Rlm1 and LepR3 are two independent resistance loci located on chromosome A07 and A10, respectively. Brassica juncea, an allotetraploid species, is an important germplasm resource for canola improvement, due to its many good agronomic traits, such as heat and drought tolerance and II high blackleg resistance. Although the majority of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptorlike proteins (RLPs) genes remain functionally uncharacterised in plants, an increasing number of these genes have been proved to be important in plant innate immunity, stress response and various development processes. Thus, it is important to investigate RLKs and RLPs in B. juncea. In the present study, 493 RLKs ...

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The Cf-4 receptor-like protein associates with the BAK1 receptor-like kinase to initiate receptor endocytosis and plant immunity

Abstract: Summary 35• The first layer of plant immunity is activated by cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) 36 and proteins (RLPs) that detect infectious pathogens. Constitutive interaction with the 37 RLK SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 (SOBIR1) contributes to RLP stability and kinase activity.

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Genome‐wide transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the lifestyle transition and effector repertoire of Leptosphaeria maculans during the colonization of Brassica napus seedlings

Genome‐wide transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the lifestyle transition and effector repertoire of Leptosphaeria maculans during the colonization of Brassica napus seedlings

The receptor-like kinase SOBIR1 interacts with Brassica napus LepR3 and is required for Leptosphaeria maculans AvrLm1-triggered immunity

Identification of candidate genes for blackleg resistance in the new Brassica juncea canola

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