The Chagai Porphyry Copper Belt, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan

Perelló, José; Razique, Abdul; Schloderer, John; Asad-ur-Rehman, *

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.8.1583

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our new data show that the Mirabad pluton in the vicinity of the Taftan volcano formed at ∼19 Ma, which predated the Taftan volcano for at least 12 Myr (Figure ). Although ∼19 Ma ages are unknown from large eruptive centers of the arc like Bazman and Koh‐i‐Sultan, there are Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene magmatic ages reported in the Pakistan Makran, including Reko Diq‐Saindak (∼16 and ∼22 Ma) [ Perelló , ; Richards et al ., ] and Ting‐Dargun (∼19 and ∼24 Ma) [ Perelló , w] (Figure ). It is therefore very likely that the Taftan region and some regions in the Pakistan Makran was magmatically active by the Early Miocene and it is important whether this pulse of magmatism is related to the Makran arc or to the Zahedan‐Shah Kuh belt composed of Oligocene‐Miocene plutons (Figure a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the magmatic record of the Makran arc, southeastern Iran: Insights from zircon U‐Pb geochronology and bulk‐rock geochemistry

Pang

Chung

Zarrinkoub

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Twenty-one magmatic rocks were analyzed for major and trace elements, and a subset of them for Sr-Nd isotopes and zircon U-Pb isotopes, to constrain magma genesis and tectonic evolution of the Makran arc, southeastern Iran. Representative samples from the Bazman and Taftan volcanoes yield zircon U-Pb ages from 0.84 to 7.5 Ma, consistent with published ages ranging from the Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene. The Mirabad granitic pluton adjacent to and geochemically similar to the Taftan volcano was dated at 19 Ma, indicating that arc magmatism might have started earlier than commonly thought in the Early Miocene. The studied rocks show basaltic to rhyolitic compositions, calc-alkaline affinity, and an orogenic signature involving enrichments in large ion lithophile elements, light rare earth elements, Th and Pb, and depletions in high field strength elements and P, relative to elements of similar incompatibilities. The trace element ratios in a subset of relatively primitive samples are consistent with derivation from a mantle source that underwent subduction-related enrichment. The covariations of Sr and Nd isotopic ratios, and of these ratios and MgO and SiO 2 , are consistent with combined assimilation and fractional crystallization. The process is modeled using covariations of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and Sr concentration in the studied rocks given that Sr behaves as neutral or slightly incompatible. We propose, in light of published and our new data, that the Makran represents a window of continental collision between the India-Eurasia collision zone to the east and the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone to the west.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the magmatic record of the Makran arc, southeastern Iran: Insights from zircon U‐Pb geochronology and bulk‐rock geochemistry

Pang

Chung

Zarrinkoub

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…This arc consists of Late Miocene to recent volcanism above the western Makran subduction zone (Chiu et al, ; Farhoudi & Karig, ; Saadat & Stern, ). Finally, above the eastern Makran is the Chagai‐Raskoh Arc (CRA), which is a Late Cretaceous island arc intruded by Paleogene plutonic and Miocene to Pleistocene volcanics (Perelló et al, ; Siddiqui, ; Siddiqui et al, ). There is a significant plutonic hiatus between 44 and 23 Ma in the CRA, which is caused by either a shallowing of the angle of subduction or slowing of subduction (Perelló et al, ).…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Map of Arabia‐Eurasia boundary with anisotropic Pn velocity model redrawn from Al‐Lazki et al (). SSMA, UDMA, and MMA modified from Chiu et al (), CRA modified from Perelló et al (), and basanite localities from Gnos and Peters (). See section 7.4 and Figure 11 for cross section A‐A′.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Eocene Uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains, Oman, Supported by Stratigraphy and Low‐Temperature Thermochronology

et al. 2017

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Uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains in Oman has been related to either Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction or the Neogene Zagros collision. To test these hypotheses, the cooling of the central Al Hajar Mountains is constrained by 10 apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe), 15 fission track (AFT), and four zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) sample ages. These data show differential cooling between the two major structural culminations of the mountains. In the 3 km high Jabal Akhdar culmination AHe single‐grain ages range between 39 ± 2 Ma and 10 ± 1 Ma (2σ errors), AFT ages range from 51 ± 8 Ma to 32 ± 4 Ma, and ZHe single‐grain ages range from 62 ± 3 Ma to 39 ± 2 Ma. In the 2 km high Saih Hatat culmination AHe ages range from 26 ± 4 to 12 ± 4 Ma, AFT ages from 73 ± 19 Ma to 57 ± 8 Ma, and ZHe single‐grain ages from 81 ± 4 Ma to 58 ± 3 Ma. Thermal modeling demonstrates that cooling associated with uplift and erosion initiated at 40 Ma, indicating that uplift occurred 30 Myr after ophiolite obduction and at least 10 Myr before the Zagros collision. Therefore, this uplift cannot be related to either event. We propose that crustal thickening supporting the topography of the Al Hajar Mountains was caused by a slowdown of Makran subduction and that north Oman took up the residual fraction of N‐S convergence between Arabia and Eurasia.

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“…The volcanic and plutonic rocks of the UDB are generally associated with porphyry, skarn, and epithermal ore deposit, including deposits such as Sungun (Hezarkhani & Williams‐Jones, ), Sarcheshmeh (Waterman & Hamilton, ; Hezarkhani, ; Boomeri et al ., ), Miduk (Hassanzadeh, ; Taghipour et al ., ; Boomeri et al ., ) and many other sub‐economic ore bodies (Zarasvandi et al ., ). The 300 km long east–west trending Chagai belt in Pakistan also comprises several superimposed magmatic arcs and corresponding porphyry Cu–Au–Mo mineralization in consecutive events at 43 to 37 Ma (middle–late Eocene), 24 to 22 Ma (early Miocene), 18 to 16 Ma (early Miocene), 13 to 10 Ma (middle Miocene), and 6 to 4 Ma (late Miocene‐early Pliocene), such as the Reqo Diq giant porphyry Cu ore deposit (Perelló et al ., ). The Chagai belt is characterized with 48 porphyry Cu systems associated with arc‐related calc‐alkaline biotite‐ and amphibole‐bearing porphyry stocks of predominantly quartz diorite to granodiorite composition (Perelló et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The 300 km long east–west trending Chagai belt in Pakistan also comprises several superimposed magmatic arcs and corresponding porphyry Cu–Au–Mo mineralization in consecutive events at 43 to 37 Ma (middle–late Eocene), 24 to 22 Ma (early Miocene), 18 to 16 Ma (early Miocene), 13 to 10 Ma (middle Miocene), and 6 to 4 Ma (late Miocene‐early Pliocene), such as the Reqo Diq giant porphyry Cu ore deposit (Perelló et al ., ). The Chagai belt is characterized with 48 porphyry Cu systems associated with arc‐related calc‐alkaline biotite‐ and amphibole‐bearing porphyry stocks of predominantly quartz diorite to granodiorite composition (Perelló et al ., ). In contrast, the Bazman granitoids, which are bounded to UDB to the west and Chagai belt to the east, have rare geochemical indications associated with porphyry‐type deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Metallogeny and Mineralization Potential of the Bazman Granitoids, SE Iran

et al. 2016

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The Mesozoic Bazman granitoids are located in Sistan and Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran. Geology of the study area consists of Carboniferous shale, sandstone, and limestone and Permian siltstone, shale, sandstone, limestone, and dolomite that were intruded by the Bazman granitoids. These granitoids include various phases of granite, granodiorite, quartz-monzodiorite, monzodiorite, diorite, and gabbro. They are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, reduced, calc-alkaline and I-type, and display geochemical characteristics of continental margin (ensialic) granitoids. In this paper, field, petrography, and geochemical data were used to discriminate the Bazman granitoids either as productive or barren granitoids. Although there are a few skarn-related mineral occurrences adjacent to the Bazman granitoids, most exposed intrusions are not hydrothermally altered and mineralized. Rb/Sr, Zr/Hf, and K/Rb ratios indicate that the granitic magmas that formed most of the Bazman granitoids indicate that they are moderately evolved and have generally not undergone post-magmatic hydrothermal activity. The Sm/Eu and Rb/Ba ratios and the concentrations of Rb, Ba, and Sr within the aforementioned granitoids show that the rocks are similar to the averages of granitoids devoid of Li, Be, U, Sn, W, and Ta deposits. The I-type arc characteristics and other geochemical features of the Bazman granitoids show that they are not typical of parental magmas to Sn, W, Mo, and Zn mineralization, but are mainly fertile for Cu and Fe (Au) skarn-related granitoids.

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The Chagai Porphyry Copper Belt, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan

Cited by 74 publications

References 48 publications

On the magmatic record of the Makran arc, southeastern Iran: Insights from zircon U‐Pb geochronology and bulk‐rock geochemistry

On the magmatic record of the Makran arc, southeastern Iran: Insights from zircon U‐Pb geochronology and bulk‐rock geochemistry

Late Eocene Uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains, Oman, Supported by Stratigraphy and Low‐Temperature Thermochronology

Metallogeny and Mineralization Potential of the Bazman Granitoids, SE Iran

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