The changes in respiration at the transition from work to rest

Krogh, August; Lindhard, J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1920.sp001889

Cited by 116 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[30,31] Many of these problems seem to be overcome in the one-legged knee extensor model employed by Bangsbo and colleagues. [18,32] The concept of oxygen deficit was first introduced by Krogh and Lindhard [33] in 1920, and has been used since as a means to determine anaerobic energy production during both sub-and supramaximal exercise. During supramaximal exercise, the appropriateness of its use relies on the validity of the assumption that supramaximal energy demand can be determined from the relationship between submaximal work intensity and oxygen consumption.…”

Section: Methods Used To Evaluate Energy Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy System Interaction and Relative Contribution During Maximal Exercise

Gastin¹

2001

Sports Medicine

713

517

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Section: Methods Used To Evaluate Energy Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy System Interaction and Relative Contribution During Maximal Exercise

Gastin¹

2001

Sports Medicine

713

517

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“…Since the work of Krogh and Lindhard (1920) and Hill and Lupton (1923), it has been widely appreciated that sustaining exercise beyond a few seconds depends upon the appropriate supply and utilization of oxygen. However, the widespread use of incremental exercise tests on the one hand, and Douglas bag or mixing chamber analyses in which pulmonary gas exchange data are averaged over periods of 30 Á 60 s on the other, has led to the common misconceptions that: (1) following a ''lag'' in V O 2 at the onset of constant-load exercise (the ''oxygen deficit''), a steady state is always achieved within about 3 min; and (2) V O 2 increases linearly as power output increases to V O 2max .…”

Section: Oxygen Uptake Response To Exercise: Traditional Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Burnley

Jones

2007

European Journal of Sport Science

355

344

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It is well known that physiological variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2max ), exercise economy, the lactate threshold, and critical power are highly correlated with endurance exercise performance. In this review, we explore the basis for these relationships by explaining the influence of these ''traditional'' variables on the dynamic profiles of the V O 2 response to exercise of different intensities, and how these differences in V O 2 dynamics are related to exercise tolerance and fatigue. The existence of a ''slow component'' of V O 2 during exercise above the lactate threshold reduces exercise efficiency and mandates a greater consumption of endogenous fuel stores (chiefly muscle glycogen) for muscle respiration. For higher exercise intensities (above critical power), steady states in blood acid Ábase status and pulmonary gas exchange are not attainable and V O 2 will increase with time until V O 2max is reached. Here, we show that it is the interaction of the V O 2 slow component, V O 2max , and the ''anaerobic capacity'' that determines the exercise tolerance. Essentially, we take the view that an appreciation of the various exercise intensity ''domains'' and their characteristic effects on V O 2 dynamics can be helpful in improving our understanding of the determinants of exercise tolerance and the limitations to endurance sports performance. The reciprocal effects of interventions such as training, prior exercise, and manipulations of muscle oxygen availability on aspects of V O 2 kinetics and exercise tolerance are consistent with this view.

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“…In the initial phase of submaximal exercise the oxygen deficit, as defined by Krogh & Lindhard (1920), probably provides an accurate assessment of anaerobic energy release when the unloading of oxygen from haemoglobin (Hb) and myoblobin (Mb) is considered. However, the use of oxygen deficit measurements in intense, exhaustive exercise are questionable as it is uncertain whether mechanical efficiency remains at values observed during submaximal exercise (Saltin, Gagge, Bergh & Stolwijk, 1972;Saltin, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

Bangsbo¹,

Gollnick²,

Graham³

et al. 1990

The Journal of Physiology

302

248

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SUMMARY1. Eight subjects performed one-legged, dynamic, knee-extensor exercise, first at 10 W followed by 10 min rest, then at an intense, exhaustive exercise load (65 W) lasting 3-2 min. After 60 min recovery, exercise was performed for 8-10 min each at 20, 30, 40 and 50 W. Measurements of pulmonary oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure, leg blood flow, and femoral arterial-venous differences of oxygen content and lactate were performed as well as determination of ATP, creatine phosphate (CP) inosine monophosphate (IMP) and lactate concentrations on biopsy material from the quadriceps muscle before and immediately after the intense exercise, and at 3, 10 and 60 min into recovery.2. Individual linear relations (r = 0-95-1-00) between the power outputs for submaximal exercise and oxygen uptakes (leg and pulmonary) were used to estimate the energy demand during intense exercise. Pulmonary and leg oxygen deficits determined as the difference between energy demand and oxygen uptake were 0-46 and 0-48 1 (kg active muscle)-', respectively. Limb and pulmonary oxygen debts (oxygen uptake during 60 min of recovery -pre-exercise oxygen uptake) were 0-55 and 1P65 1 (kg active muscle)-', respectively. J. BANGSBO AND OTHERS for less than 10 % of the leg oxygen debt, and lactate elimination including resynthesis of glycogen for another 25 %. 5. The anaerobic energy contribution during the first half-minute of intense exercise accounted for 80 % of the total energy turnover and this decreased to 30 % during the last phase of the exercise. The mean anaerobic energy contribution was 45 % for the 3-2 min of exhaustive exercise.6. The maximal anaerobic capacity of human muscle amounted to the equivalent of close to 051 02 kg-1. An extrapolation to whole-body anaerobic capacity cannot be made, as the magnitude of neither [ATP] and [CP] reduction nor lactate release from the muscle is likely to be comparable in all muscles when the human performs whole-body exercise.7. When exercising with a small muscle group the measurements of (i) oxygen deficit and (ii) energy yield, based on metabolic alterations of the active muscle, give similar values for the anaerobic energy release. The dominant fraction of the elevation in recovery oxygen uptake (i.e. oxygen debt) is not accounted for, as normalization of nucleotides, CP, muscle and blood lactate only amounted to about 3 of the debt measurement. Elevation in hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as temperature do not appear to play a role in the high recovery oxygen uptake in the present study.

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The changes in respiration at the transition from work to rest

Cited by 116 publications

References 3 publications

Energy System Interaction and Relative Contribution During Maximal Exercise

Energy System Interaction and Relative Contribution During Maximal Exercise

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Anaerobic energy production and O2 deficit‐debt relationship during exhaustive exercise in humans.

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