The changing macromycete flora in the Netherlands

Arnolds, E.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80148-7

Cited by 131 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Allelopathic interactions are likely to be of special importance to soil microbes (Blum 1995, Klopatek and Klopatek 1997, Blum et al 1999. Nonetheless, our results correspond to reports from Europe that forests experiencing intense atmospheric N deposition have also experienced declines in some of the same late-stage fungi tested here (Ohenoja 1988, Kuyper and deVries 1990, Arnolds 1991, Gulden et al 1993.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen enrichment of these soils through atmospheric deposition (Aber 1992, Jefferies and Maron 1997) may reduce the abundance (Termorshuizen andSchaffers 1987, 1991) and diversity (Ohenoja 1988, Kuyper and de Vries 1990, Arnolds 1991, Gulden et al 1993 of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and alter their community composition (Lilleskov et al 2001). The physiological and ecological mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still debated (Chalot andBrun 1998, Wallenda andKottke 1998), but it has been interpreted as a consequence of adaptations of ectomycorrhizal fungi to N-limited forests (Arnolds 1988, Read 1991. Plant growth and allocation responses to N-enrichment are well established (Chapin 1980, Herms and Mattson 1992, Ayres 1993) and generally include increased root and shoot growth, a decrease in root: shoot biomass, and reduced levels of soluble carbohydrates in roots and in the surrounding rhizosphere (Vogt et al 1993, Wallenda et al 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity and constraint in growth and protein mineralization of ectomycorrhizal fungi under simulated nitrogen deposition

Eaton

Ayres

2002

Mycologia

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi allow their host plants access to organic forms of N through enzymatic mineralization of the substrate and enhanced absorption of amino acids and mineral N. The cost to the plant is carbohydrates that support fungal growth and metabolism. Enrichment of soils with mineral N, as through atmospheric deposition, may affect the growth and function of these fungi by direct effects of increased N availability on fungi and indirect effects through reduced plant C allocation to roots. We tested the potential of N enrichment and altered carbohydrate supply to affect the growth and protein mineralization activity of 10 ectomycorrhizal fungi in sterile liquid media. Nitrogen treatments consisted of organic N only vs organic plus mineral N. Carbon treatments consisted of 5 g per liter glucose vs. no glucose added. Fungi differed widely in their growth and mineralization responses to these variables. Seven of 10 fungi had at least 20% reduced growth with reduced carbohydrates. Only 2 of 10 increased growth by 20% or more with increased mineral N. Carbohydrates affected growth more in a purely organic N environment suggesting an energy limitation to mineralization. Protein mineralization activity tended to be depressed by reductions in carbohydrates and increased by increased mineral N. The high sensitivity of fungal growth to carbohydrates suggests important indirect effects of N enrichment via altered C allocation in host trees. Principal Components analysis separated most fungal species along an axis representing a gradient from high protein mineralization efficiency to high intrinsic growth rate. Those fungi with slow growth and efficient mineralization activity corresponded closely to fungi often cited as late successional species, while fungi with high growth rates and low mineralization efficiency are often categorized as early successional. One fungus, Cenococcum geophillum, separated from others on an axis representing strong N dependence in growth. Nitrogen enrichment has the potential to alter the composition and function of the ectomycorrhizal fungus community. Physiological differences among species provide a starting point for predicting community responses and anticipating ecosystem consequences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity and constraint in growth and protein mineralization of ectomycorrhizal fungi under simulated nitrogen deposition

Eaton

Ayres

2002

Mycologia

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“…Proportion of mycorrhizal fungi is often considered as the indicator of forest health and it is high (often >50% of total macrofungi) in healthy, productive, and undisturbed forests (Arnolds 1988). In some old-grown forests, the number of mycorrhizal fungi species was 2.4 times higher than the saprotrophic fungi (Richard et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofungal diversity in community-managed sal (Shorea robusta) forests in central Nepal

et al. 2015

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Macrofungi constitute a group of the high-value forest resources worldwide. In this paper, we report species richness and composition of the macrofungi in sal (Shorea robusta) forests of mid-hill central Nepal, which were managed for 4–29 years by the local communities. The sal forests were rich in macrofungi (115 species) with Polyporaceae being the largest family followed by Clavariaceae. Saprotrophic fungi were more common than mycorrhizal species. The proportion of mycorrhiza was <40% of the total macrofungi species which might have indicated the deteriorated condition of the forests before the initiation of conservation management. However, the proportion of mycorrhizal species was slightly higher in the forests managed for >10 years than in the forests managed for short period. The species richness increased with increasing canopy and litter cover. Since silvicultural activities and resource utilization often have negative impacts to macrofungal diversity, these activities need to be optimized to keep balance between forest management and biodiversity conservation.

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“…A number of authors have referred to the relationship between the disruption of mycorrhizal conditions or regression of mycorrhizal fungi and the influences of atmospheric pollution (Schlechte 1986;Termorshuizen, Schaffers 1987;Arnolds 1989;Fellner 1989Fellner , 1993 or to the relationship with visually assessable damage to forest trees (Jakucs et al 1986;Jansen 1991). The regression of a formerly large range of ectomycorrhizal fungi proceeds along with the general weakening of the stand on mountain and foothill plots (Lepšová et al 1987).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Fungi Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Findings regarding ectotrophic stability of Norway spruce forest of the Krkonoše and Orlické Mountains based on mycorrhiza studies

Pešková¹,

Landa²,

Soukup³

2011

J. For. Sci.

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 Analyses of root mycorrhizal samples and monitoring of fruiting bodies of macromycetes from Norway spruce stands at mountain and foothill localities in the Krkono&scaron;e and Orlické Mts. provided several data series allowing to assess and compare (albeit somewhat preliminarily) mycorrhizal conditions and macromycete incidence related to stand ages and  location conditions. The overall mycorrhizal conditions in young (10 years old) and older (80 years old) stands on formerly agricultural soils are comparable to those in 80- and 90-year-old forests growing on standard forest soils, but young spruce stands in the Orlické Mts. replanted on forest soils do not surprisingly show any favourable mycorrhizal characteristics. The research documents a marked diversity of macromycete species composition in mountain spruce stands compared to foothill spruce stands on former agricultural soils. While in the younger mountain spruce stands of the Orlické Mts. the expansion of macromycete species composition began to develop in a similar fashion to that in the Krkono&scaron;e Mts., the comparison of older (80-year-old) stands on formerly agricultural soils in the Orlické Mts. foothills and Krkono&scaron;e Mts. implies that the macromycete species composition developed quite differently but with a similar success.

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The changing macromycete flora in the Netherlands

Cited by 131 publications

References 12 publications

Plasticity and constraint in growth and protein mineralization of ectomycorrhizal fungi under simulated nitrogen deposition

Plasticity and constraint in growth and protein mineralization of ectomycorrhizal fungi under simulated nitrogen deposition

Macrofungal diversity in community-managed sal (Shorea robusta) forests in central Nepal

Findings regarding ectotrophic stability of Norway spruce forest of the Krkonoše and Orlické Mountains based on mycorrhiza studies

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