The changing nature of aquatic animal production

Brummet, R E; Hargreaves, John A.

doi:10.20506/rst.38.2.2995

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The interaction of environmental constraints with changing consumer profiles and regulatory frameworks means that future growth is not likely to follow the path taken over the past 30 years. Arguably, the future for aquacultural development should be based on an ecosystems approach (see Brummett, this issue [10]) in which ecosystem functions and services (including biodiversity) are maintained and integration with other sectors is achieved. This approach would ensure that aquaculture is as resilient as possible to the impacts of climate change on future disease threats, many of which cannot be predicted (see Subasinghe et al, this issue [28]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fundamentally, they maintain that the way in which aquaculture production is perceived and measured should be more holistic, taking into account the impact of farming on animal health and welfare, the environment and society. Brummett and Hargreaves (10) similarly argue for an ecosystem approach to the development of aquaculture. Elsewhere, Jennings et al (14) propose a new systematic approach that integrates fisheries, aquaculture, health, medicine, human and fish welfare, safety and the environment to assess the security of aquatic food systems.…”

Section: The Role Of Aquatic Animal Production In Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first of these by Osborn and Henry (19) argues that farm-level biosecurity needs to address identified pathways of pathogen introduction and take into account the farm' s inherent connection with the environment and, therefore, potential reservoirs of infection. The trend in the industry towards large, more intensive farms (Brummett and Hargreaves [10]) increases the potential consequences of disease outbreaks and thus the need for improved biosecurity. The second by Christison (20) looks at biosecurity at the national level in South Africa, where the potential to grow aquaculture has been recognised, but constrained by the fragmentary regulatory framework.…”

Section: Improving Aquatic Animal Health Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disease outbreaks have had impacts at the national economic level due to a loss of jobs and knock-on socio-economic effects (see Gallardo et al, this issue [9]). It has been estimated that 21% of losses, equal to some US$ 10 billion, are incurred annually due to disease in the aquaculture sector (see Brummett and Hargreaves, this issue [10]). Wild animal populations have also suffered, sometimes causing decreases in wild capture harvests (see Herbert et al, this issue [11]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction: Improved aquatic animal health management is vital to aquaculture’s role in global food security

Peeler¹,

Ernst²

2019

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Global food security and nutrition depend heavily on aquaculture, the continued growth of which is crucial as the world heads towards a human population of at least 9 billion by 2050, while harvests from wild capture will, at best, stabilise at current levels. Thus, a fundamental question is: how can we sustainably increase aquatic food production? It is clear that aquatic animal diseases present a substantial threat and, consequently, aquatic animal health management has a critical role in food security. An ecosystem approach to aquaculture will mitigate impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity, and provide the necessary resilience to future disease threats, including those exacerbated by climate change. Due to the nature of aquatic production systems, this approach must encompass fisheries and other sectors that share the same resources. Improved aquatic animal health management must be a key component of aquaculture's future. At the national level, public-private partnerships are vital in achieving objectives of common benefit. Improved disease reporting and response is critical in the control of listed and emerging diseases and can only be achieved through government, industry and stakeholder collaboration. Great potential exists to improve biosecurity from the farm to national level, but this will only be achieved through collaboration. Industry cannot develop effective biosecurity without a clear government strategy and support, specifically legislation which provides an effective framework for safe trade. Governments have a key role in creating a regulatory environment that supports effective biosecurity and is attractive to investment; such as one that supports the development and regulatory approval of therapeutics. The improved control of transboundary diseases requires the wider and more consistent implementation of OIE standards, particularly on disease notification. This can only be achieved through improved collaboration between trading partners and by supporting low-and middle-income countries to strengthen their aquatic animal health services. There is incredible potential for aquaculture to continue its rapid growth and increase its contribution to global food security. However, sustainable growth of aquaculture is threatened by both known diseases, which we cannot effectively control, and new diseases, which may become pandemic. Recent pandemics have shown that global production systems are epidemiologically connected and, consequently, aquatic animal diseases present a shared global threat that demands global solidarity. The world now depends on a sustainable future for aquaculture and improved aquatic animal health management is critical to its continued and growing contribution to global food security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Aquatic Animal Production In Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improving Aquatic Animal Health Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Introduction: Improved aquatic animal health management is vital to aquaculture’s role in global food security

Peeler¹,

Ernst²

2019

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Second, conditions in many aquaculture systems, notably the high density of monocultured, genetically homogenous hosts, favour virulent strains (13). Thus, it is not surprising that the rapid growth of aquaculture in recent years (14) has been mirrored by the emergence of new diseases, many of which have caused significant economic damage to aquaculture (15) and negatively impacted wild populations (16). The expansion of aquaculture has been based on, or resulted in, activities that have directly contributed to disease emergence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aquatic animal pandemic crisis

Feist¹,

Thrush²,

Dunn³

et al. 2019

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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The growth of aquaculture over the past 50 years has been accompanied by the emergence of aquatic animal diseases, many of which have spread to become pandemic in countries or continents. An analysis of 400 emerging disease events in aquatic animals that were logged by the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science between 2002 and 2017 revealed that more than half were caused by viruses. However, in molluscs, most events were parasitic. Categorising these events indicated that the key processes underpinning emergence were the movement of live animals and host switching. Profiles of key pathogens further illustrate the importance of wild aquatic animals as the source of new infections in farmed animals. It is also clear that the spread of new diseases through the largescale movement of aquatic animals for farming, for food and for the ornamental trade has allowed many to achieve pandemic status. Many viral pathogens of fish (e.g. infectious salmon anaemia, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia) and shrimp (e.g. white spot syndrome virus) affect a large proportion of the global production of key susceptible species. Wild aquatic animal populations have also been severely affected by pandemic diseases, best exemplified by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a fungal infection of amphibians, whose emergence and spread were driven by the movement of animals for the ornamental trade. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is now widespread in the tropics and subtropics and has caused local extinctions of susceptible amphibian hosts. Given the rising demand for seafood, aquacultural production will continue to grow and diseases will continue to emerge. Some will inevitably achieve pandemic status, having significant impacts on production and trade, unless there are considerable changes in global monitoring and the response to aquatic animal diseases.

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