The Character of Channel Migration on the Beatton River, Northeast British Columbia, Canada

Hickin, Edward J.; Nanson, Gerald C.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<487:tcocmo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 327 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…This 'sharp bend style' of river bend development is often associated with channels that have relatively strong banks and limited meandering dynamics (Ferguson, 1987;Kleinhans et al, 2009;see Kleinhans, 2010, for review), but have also been observed in channels that are more laterally active (Hickin and Nanson, 1975;Hodskinson and Ferguson, 1998;Ferguson et al, 2003). According to Leeder and Bridges (1975), inner-bank flow separation is largely controlled by the ratio of channel width to centreline radius of curvature, B/R and the Froude number Fr, whereby an increase in bend tightness and Froude number favours flow separation.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field investigations typically parameterize curvature effects by the unique curvature ratio R/B, which was identified by Hickin (1974) and Hickin and Nanson (1975) as the dominant control parameter for bend morphodynamics. This ratio tends to infinity for straight rivers, and reaches values less than one for the sharpest bends occurring in nature (see compilation of field data in Crosato, 2008).…”

Section: Flow Separation In Constant-width and Widening Open-channel mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow separation at the inner (convex) and outer (concave) banks of constant‐width and widening open‐channel bends

Blanckaert

Kleinhans

McLelland

et al. 2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

101

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There is a paucity of data and insight in the mechanisms of, and controls on flow separation and recirculation at natural sharply-curved river bends. Herein we report on successful laboratory experiments that elucidate flow structure in one constant-width bend and a second bend with an outer-bank widening. The experiments were performed with both a flat immobile gravel bed and mobile sand bed with dominant bedload sediment transport.In the constant-width bend with immobile bed, a zone of mainly horizontal flow separation (vertical rotational axis) formed at the inner bank that did not contain detectable flow recirculation, and an outer-bank cell of secondary flow with streamwise oriented rotational axis. Surprisingly, the bend with widening at the outer bank and immobile bed did not lead to a transverse expansion of the flow. Rather, flow in the outer-bank widening weakly recirculated around a vertical axis and hardly interacted with the inner part of the bend, which behaved as a constant-width bend.In the mobile bed experiment, downstream of the bend apex a pronounced depositional bar developed at the inside of the bend and pronounced scour occurred at the outside. Moreover the deformed bed promoted flow separation over the bar, including return currents. In the constant-width bend, the topographic steering impeded the generation of an outer-bank cell of secondary flow. In the bend with outer-bank widening, the topographic steering induced an outward expansion of the flow, whereby the major part of the discharge was conveyed in the central part of the widening section. Flow in the outer-bank widening was highly three dimensional and included return currents near the bottom.In conclusion, the experiments elucidated three distinct processes of flow separation common in sharp bends: flow separation at the inner bank, an outer-bank cell of secondary flow, and flow separation and recirculation in an outer-bank widening.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Separation In Constant-width and Widening Open-channel mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow separation at the inner (convex) and outer (concave) banks of constant‐width and widening open‐channel bends

Blanckaert

Kleinhans

McLelland

et al. 2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

101

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“…A fine bed material (noncohesive) is easier to transport and erode. As Nanson and Hickin (1986) showed, the bed material size at the Hooke (1980) M~A (drainage area) M~% silt-clay in bank Hickin and Nanson (1975), Nanson and Hickin (1983) M~R c /W Also identified bank texture, planform, and sediment supply rate as important Begin (1981) M~R c /W Nanson and Hickin (1983) M~Q and S M~W and S M~Q, S and D 50 M~W, S and D 50 Hickin and Nanson (1984) M~R c /W Also identified bank resistance as important Biedenharn et al (1989) M~R c /W toe of the slope can be a good indication of the resistance of the bank. At the other extreme, for instance downstream from a dam, armored beds are no longer mobile and the flow often scours the banks.…”

Section: Lateral Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of lateral migration of the Rio Grande, New Mexico

2005

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The lateral migration rates of alluvial rivers are affected by changes in water and sediment regimes. The Rio Grande downstream from Cochiti Dam exhibits spatial and temporal variability in lateral movement rates documented since 1918. A tremendous database exists that documents planform, bed material size, channel geometry, and water and sediment regimes. A statistical analysis reveals that migration rates primarily decreased with decreasing flow energy (R 2 N 0.50, p b0.0001). The addition of a second parameter describing total channel width increased the explained variance to N 60%. The findings show that lateral movement increases with increasing flow energy and with degree of braiding. D

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“…Debris dams are particularly significant in headwater streams so that along New England streams (Likens & Bilby, 1982) the size of organic debris dams depends primarily upon the size of the tree and of the logs available. Nevertheless, logs and trees can also focus the accumulation of gravel bars along larger channels (Nanson, 1981) and during extreme floods temporary dams and log jams can accumulate in very large rivers (Dobbie & Wolf, 1953;Hickin & Nanson, 1975). Debris dams have been shown to exercise a significant effect upon channel processes by reducing stream velocity and discharge (Heede, 1981) by affecting flow routing and by increasing sediment storage with, for example, up to 123% of the mean annual sediment discharge stored behind log steps in the Oregon Coast Range (Marston, 1982), and 15 times the average annual sediment yield behind dams on small streams on the Idaho batholith (Megahan, 1982).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The permanence of debris dams related to river channel processes

Gregory

Gurnell

Hill

1985

Hydrological Sciences Journal

112

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Vegetation debris dams occur on average every 27 m of channel in a drainage basin in the New Forest, Hampshire, England, and within less than 12 months 36% changed position or were destroyed and 36% changed character. Such dams significantly affect the timing of flood peaks as they are routed through the channel network; their significance has been demonstrated by preliminary analysis of hydrograph travel times by measurements in a reach at different flow stages, and by measurements before and after dam clearance.There was a difference in travel time of over 100 minutes for the situation with and without dams for a discharge of 0.1 m s -1 but a difference of only 10 minutes for a discharge of 1.0 m 3 s -1 along the same 4028 m channel reach. Les relationsentre les processus des lits de riviere et le permanence des barrages de débris végétaux RESUME Les barrages de débris végétaux se produisent en moyenne tous les 27 m le long du lit dans un bassin hydrographique dans le New Forest (Hampshire, Angleterre). En moins de 12 mois 36% de ces barrages ont été détruits ou se sont déplacés; en plus, 36% en ont changé de caractère. Ces barrages produisent un effet important sur la valeur et les moments de passage des maxima des débits a mesure que ceux-ci descendent le système hydrographique. L'importance de cet effet a été établie (a) par l'analyse préliminaire de la durée du mouvement de 1'hydrogramme (pour la même longueur de lit de 4028 m il existe, pour un débit de 0.1 m 3 s~ une différence de plus de 100 minutes de durée de déplacement, selon que le lit est ou n'est pas encombré; tandis que, pour un débit de 1.0 m s la difference n'est que de 10 minutes); (b) par les mesures, dans une longueur donnée, à des phases diverses de la crue; et (c) par les mesures prises avant et après la dispersion des barrages.

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The Character of Channel Migration on the Beatton River, Northeast British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 327 publications

References 0 publications

Flow separation at the inner (convex) and outer (concave) banks of constant‐width and widening open‐channel bends

Flow separation at the inner (convex) and outer (concave) banks of constant‐width and widening open‐channel bends

Statistical analysis of lateral migration of the Rio Grande, New Mexico

The permanence of debris dams related to river channel processes

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