The characteristics of magma reservoir failure beneath a volcanic edifice

Hurwitz, D. M.; Long, S. M.; Grosfils, E. B.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.004

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The shallow magma chamber (Figure f) shows a forebulge maximum at twice the edifice radius from the edifice axis with a distinguishable maximum, similar to Comer et al (), and the forebulge predicted for the deeper magma chamber is beyond the two‐radius limit with little bulge visible. We propose that a shallower magma chamber and/or a smaller T e produce a more pronounced forebulge since they have greater influence on the lithosphere upper boundary, which is consistent with the models of Grosfils (), Hurwitz et al (), Galgana et al (), and Galgana et al ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Grosfils (, and the references therein) summarize the analytic approaches to the data within the paper and compare them with an FEM model, which primarily considered the variation in magma chamber rupture with depth of burial. Hurwitz et al () expanded the model to include the impact of edifice growth on chamber rupture behavior and predicted the blocking of magma ascent and magma flow re‐routing to radial flow on edifice mass increase. Galgana et al () incorporated the effects of lithospheric flexure into the model and Bistacchi extended the rheological behavior and demonstrated correlation between the model (Bistacchi et al, ) and the distribution of cone sheets and dikes in the Cullen Igneous Province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation Between Graben Orientation, Channel Direction Change, and Tectonic Loading: The Elysium Province, Mars

2019

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We have investigated the links between regional stress fields, the volcanic centers, rifts, graben, and channels in the NW region of the Elysium Province (Figures a and b) to determine whether the sequence of stress events occurring during province development can be derived from the morphologies of these features, and thus provide a sequence of development events, which is independent of surface dating techniques. Rift and graben geomorphology was mapped, and the neighboring relationships and orientation of individual graben were assessed to determine any spatial clustering or preferred orientation with regional or surface features capable of creating lithospheric flexure or tectonic stress within the study area. Crosscutting analysis determined a time ordered sequence of graben formation and these were related to volcanic centers or regional sources of stress. In addition, mapping showed that different channels share sections with similar shape and orientation, prompting our study of whether these channels, in tandem with the graben, were tectonically influenced during their development. The channel central axes were mapped and compared to identify common sequences of channel direction change. The time sequence of channel direction changes and the time‐ordered sequence of graben development were then compared. We have demonstrated a correlation between rift and graben direction with channel orientation suggesting a regional stress control from evolving volcanic centers. Overall we derive, for the first time, the temporal pattern of tectonic, volcanic, and channel evolution for the northwestern region of this major magmatic province on Mars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Graben Orientation, Channel Direction Change, and Tectonic Loading: The Elysium Province, Mars

2019

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“…The physics of magma ascent in dikes has been the subject of numerous studies [e.g., Lister and Kerr , ; Rubin , ; Gudmundsson , , ; Ito and Martel , ]. Others have considered magma chamber pressurization beneath small (relative to Venus volcanoes) volcanic edifices and the orientations of intrusions emanating from them [e.g., Pinel and Jaupart , , ; Grosfils , ; Long and Grosfils , ; Hurwitz et al ., ]. However, none of these studies explicitly addressed flexural stress states, which can provide stress magnitudes well in excess of those from simple compression of the substratum and significantly different distributions of stress with depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of lithospheric flexure on magma ascent at large volcanoes on Venus

2013

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[1] Large volcanoes on Venus exert large vertical loads on the lithosphere, which responds by deflecting downward. Stresses induced by this lithospheric flexure can have a strong influence on magma ascent pathways from the mantle source region to the surface. Here we propose that flexural stresses exert control over the shapes of volcanic edifices on Venus, applying criteria for magma ascent expressed in terms of stress orientations (can vertical dikes form?) and gradients (is magma squeezed upward or downward in a vertical dike?) to determine favored magma ascent paths and locations. For conical edifices emplaced on lithosphere with high elastic thickness T e , (e.g., > 40 km) both sets of magma ascent criteria are satisfied over the entire lithosphere, allowing essentially unimpeded ascent of magma to the surface and the formation of relatively steep edifices. However, for lower values of T e , high adverse stress gradients tend to cut off magma ascent beneath the summit, instead favoring lateral transport of magma at depth to distal regions with gentler stress gradients, resulting in domical edifice shapes. At the lowest values of T e (< 10 km), large short-wavelength deflections of the lithosphere tend to produce narrow and widely spaced zones of magma ascent: Such zones may produce annular ridges of volcanic material, thereby generating forms characteristic of a subset of features known as "coronae" on Venus. Another subset of coronae may form by intrusive-based generation of annular fractures at the edge of the summit region of domical edifices, as proposed for Alba Mons on Mars.

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“…In addition, deformation is also governed by the rheology of the magma, temperature and viscosity of the bedrock, the driving pressure, stresses resulting from the intrusion itself, dynamic fluid transport through the chamber and the bedrock, and many other temporally and spatially variable factors discussed elsewhere in the literature (e.g. Anderson, 1936;Rubin and Pollard, 1987;Lister and Kerr, 1991;Rubin, 1995;Day, 1996;Fialko et al, 2001;Hurwitz et al, 2009;Karlstrom et al, 2010, Galgana et al, 2011, de Saint Blanquat et al, 2011. Our near future perspectives are to improve the modeling of coupled hydromechanics (Gerbault et al, in prep.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pressure conditions for shear and tensile failure around a circular magma chamber; insight from elasto-plastic modelling

Gerbault

2012

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International audienceOverpressure within a circular magmatic chamber embedded in an elastic half space is a widely used model in volcanology. However, this overpressure is generally assumed to be bounded by the bedrock tensile strength since gravity is neglected. Critical overpressure for wall failure is thus greater. It is shown analytically and numerically that wall failure occurs in shear rather than in tension, because the Mohr-Coulomb yield stress is less than the tensile yield stress. Numerical modelling of progressively increasing overpressure shows that bedrock failure develops in three stages: (1) tensile failure at the ground surface; (2) shear failure at the chamber wall; and (3) fault connection from the chamber wall to the ground surface. Predictions of surface deformation and stress with the theory of elasticity break down at stage 3. For wall tensile failure to occur at small overpressure, a state of lithostatic pore-fluid pressure is required in the bedrock which cancels the effect of gravity. Modelled eccentric shear band geometries are consistent with theoretical solutions from engineering plasticity and compare well with shear structures bordering exhumed intrusions. This study shows that the measured ground surface deformation may be misinterpreted when neither plasticity nor pore-fluid pressure is accounted for

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The characteristics of magma reservoir failure beneath a volcanic edifice

Cited by 34 publications

References 53 publications

Correlation Between Graben Orientation, Channel Direction Change, and Tectonic Loading: The Elysium Province, Mars

Correlation Between Graben Orientation, Channel Direction Change, and Tectonic Loading: The Elysium Province, Mars

The influence of lithospheric flexure on magma ascent at large volcanoes on Venus

Pressure conditions for shear and tensile failure around a circular magma chamber; insight from elasto-plastic modelling

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