The Characteristics of the Second and Third Virtual Cathodes in an Axial Vircator for the Generation of High-Power Microwaves

Abstract

A virtual cathode oscillator or vircator is a vacuum tube for producing high-power microwaves (HPM). The efficiency of the vircator has been a difficult task for decades. The main reasons for low efficiency are intense relativistic electron beam (IREB) loss and few or no interactions between IREB and HPM. In this case, forming multiple virtual cathodes may be beneficial in overcoming these constraints. By reusing the axially propagating leaked electrons (LE), we could confine them and form multiple virtual cathodes (VCs). This article discussed the characteristics of newly formed VCs based on simulation results. The formation time of new VCs was discovered to be highly dependent on the reflector position and the density of LE approaching their surfaces. Furthermore, multiple VC formation in the waveguide region does not affect conventional VCs’ position or forming time. The emission mode of the generated HPM was TM01 with single and multiple VCs and remained unaffected. The formation of multiple VCs positively influenced the axial and radial electric fields. When compared to a single VC, the axial and radial electric field increased 25.5 and 18 times with multiple VCs. The findings suggested that forming multiple VCs could be a future hope for achieving high vircator efficiency.

Symmetrical Hardware-Software Design for Improving Physical Activity with a Gamified Music Step Sensor Box

“…PA has impressive benefits, specifically preventing cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes [5]. The one who is regular in PA has fewer psychological disorders and better cognitive abilities [6][7][8][9][10]. 80% of teenagers are not efficiently physically active and have a 20-30% increased risk of death [3].…”