The Characteristics of Tropical Precipitation Profiles As Inferred From Satellite Radar Measurements.

Liu, Guosheng; Fu, Yunfei

doi:10.2151/jmsj.79.131

Cited by 90 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The decrease in slope as rain rate increases is consistent with bottom-heavy profiles predominating as rain rate increases. This is consistent with convective profiles being associated with higher average rain rates (Liu and Fu 2001).…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Correcting Active Scatterometer Data for the Effects of Rain Using Passive Radiometer Data

Hilburn

Wentz

Smith

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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A model for the effects of rain on scatterometer data is proposed. Data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and the SeaWinds scatterometer, both on the Midori-II satellite, are used. The model includes three basic rain effects: attenuation, rain roughening of the sea surface, and volumetric backscatter. Attenuation is calculated directly from the radiometer data and beam filling is explicitly addressed. The model simultaneously solves for both the rain roughening and volumetric backscatter. Fitting the coefficients of the model requires an estimate of the radar cross section because of wind roughening, and NCEP Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) wind vectors are used for this purpose. Both the derived rain roughening and volumetric backscatter are similar to results in published work, but the values are slightly smaller, especially for vertical polarization. Drop size distribution variability is accounted for by formulating the radar equation in terms of the parameters of the radiative transfer equation and using additional radiometric information. Explicit inclusion of vertical profile variability results in an underdetermined problem, but it is implicitly included in fitting the model to the data. The correction makes large improvements in wind speeds and modest improvements in wind directions. Wind statistics and specific examples are shown to illustrate the nature of the improvements. The correction is limited, however, by measurement mismatch issues and the nonlinear nature of the wind retrieval.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Correcting Active Scatterometer Data for the Effects of Rain Using Passive Radiometer Data

Hilburn

Wentz

Smith

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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show abstract

“…The former usually has three (or four) layers from rain top to near surface: crystal, mixed ice and water, and droplet collision (evaporation) layer. In contrast, the latter commonly has three layers: crystal, mixed ice and water, and water layer (Liu and Fu 2001;Fu et al 2003Fu et al , 2006. TRMM 2A25 products can offer both the precipitation types and three dimensional rainfall structures (Iguchi et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China

Yuan

et al. 2009

Clim Dyn

Self Cite

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Using the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations combined with the surface rain gauge data during 1998-2006, the robust diurnal features of summer stratiform and convective precipitation over the southern contiguous China are revealed by exploring the diurnal variations of rain rate and precipitation profile. The precipitation over the southern contiguous China exhibits two distinguishing diurnal phases: late-night (2200-0600 LST) and late-afternoon (1400-2200 LST), dependent on the location, precipitation type and duration time. Generally, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile of stratiform precipitation occur in the late-afternoon (late-night) over the southeastern (southwestern) China, while most of the stratiform short-duration rain rate tends to present late-afternoon peaks over the southern China. For convective precipitation, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile occur in the lateafternoon over most of the southern contiguous China, while the convective long-duration rain rate exhibits latenight peaks over the southwestern China. Without regional dependence, the convective precipitation exhibits much larger amplitude of diurnal variations in both near surface rain rate and vertical extension compared with stratiform precipitation and the convective rain top rises most rapidly between noon and afternoon. However, there are two distinctive sub-regions. The diurnal phases of precipitation there are very weakly dependent on precipitation type and duration time. Over the eastern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau, the maximum rain rate and the highest profile of either convective or stratiform precipitation occur in the late-night. Over the southeastern coastal regions, both the near surface rain rate and rain top of convective and stratiform precipitation peak in the late-afternoon.

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“…In addition, the actual contribution of the core to the total 25 cloud area compared to the stratiform/anvil regime is small, at ~1:7 (Liu and Fu, 2001) making consideration of dust effects on the stratiform regime important to the understanding of the large scale effects on the cloud fields reported in Min et al (2009) and Min and Li (2010). The reflectivity measurements of Min et al (2009) reported that dusty conditions reduced upper level reflectivity in convective clouds, while simultaneously increasing reflectivity at these levels in the stratiform clouds, compared to more pristine conditions.…”

Section: Psd Vertical Profile and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impacts of Saharan Dust on Tropical Deep Convection Using Spectral Bin Microphysics, Part 1: Ice Formation and Cloud Properties

Gibbons

Min

Fan

2016

Preprint

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Abstract.To better understand the impacts of dust aerosols on deep convective cloud (DCC) systems revealed by previous observational studies, a case study in the tropical eastern Atlantic was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a Spectral Bin Microphysics (SBM) model as a two-part study. A detailed set of ice 10 nucleation parameterizations linking ice formation with aerosol particles have been implemented in the SBM for this study.It is found that, dust, transported from the Sahara desert and acting as ice nuclei (IN), increases heterogeneous formation of ice particles at temperatures above -38°C by approximately a factor of four per IN magnitude increase from 0.12 cm -3 .Homogeneous ice formation is reduced below -38°C by up to 79%, due to greater conversion of liquid drops to ice at warmer temperatures. The ice particle size distribution (PSD) is shifted towards smaller sizes at heterogeneous temperatures and 15 median sizes at colder temperatures due to increased vapor competition and crystal aggregation. Graupel sizes are reduced due to increased riming of more numerous, but smaller, ice particles. Liquid mass is reduced by up to 85% at midlevels due to increased riming, drop freezing and Bergeron process evaporation. Despite the enhanced vertical motion in the dust cases (up to 30%) , average cloud top height was found to be lowered by up to 3.29km in comparison with the background aerosol (Clean) case, which is consistent with observations. This is due to increased sedimentation rates resulting from earlier 20 formation of precipitation sized particles.

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The Characteristics of Tropical Precipitation Profiles As Inferred From Satellite Radar Measurements.

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

Correcting Active Scatterometer Data for the Effects of Rain Using Passive Radiometer Data

Correcting Active Scatterometer Data for the Effects of Rain Using Passive Radiometer Data

Diurnal phase of late-night against late-afternoon of stratiform and convective precipitation in summer southern contiguous China

Investigating the Impacts of Saharan Dust on Tropical Deep Convection Using Spectral Bin Microphysics, Part 1: Ice Formation and Cloud Properties

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