The characterization of electrodeposited chromium barriers for nuclear reactor cladding application

Development and optimization of trivalent chromium electrodeposit on 304L stainless steel to improve corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environment

“…However, at higher temperatures (70 °C and above), β-Cr formation and subsequent transformation, is too unstable to be produced during the plating process at high-temperature, and thus cracks induced by residual stress is not formed. Hence, crack-free α-Cr is readily deposited directly via hot chromium process, as has been obtained in this study and others [ 2 ].…”

“…Over the years, chromium (Cr) has frequently been utilized as a surface coating in various industrial applications such as general engineering products and automotive industry owing to its magnificent wear resistance, high resistance to heat and corrosion, and low coefficient of friction [ 1 , 2 ]. Based on these advantages, several coating methods have been developed to coat Cr on diverse surfaces, such as physical coating spray, plasma nitriding, electrodeposition, vapor deposition and others [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Advances on Cr and Ni Electrodeposition for Industrial Applications—A Review

“…Their argument is from the standpoint that, above 70 • C, β-Cr formation and subsequent transformation, which leads to crack induced by residual stress, is too unstable to be formed during the high temperature plating process. Hence, crack-free α-Cr is deposited directly by the hot chromium process, as was obtained by Yeo S. et al [161], with an increase in temperature from 50 • C to 80 • C (as shown in Figure 7), and Leisner P. et al [144]. Similarly, Nielson et al [160] reported that, as the temperature increases up to or above 70 • C, the inhibition of crystal growth decreases drastically, which results in very low stress that is insufficient in initiating cracks in the Cr deposit.…”

“…Retrospectively, some suggestions have been put forward towards the formation of crack-free Cr coatings, and they are summarized as follows: Firstly, some researchers proposed that crack-free Cr coatings can be obtained at modified process parameters such as a higher temperature (>70 • C) and modified composition of the electrolyte bath, as mentioned earlier [144,160,161]. Their argument is from the standpoint that, above 70 • C, β-Cr formation and subsequent transformation, which leads to crack induced by residual stress, is too unstable to be formed during the high temperature plating process.…”