THE CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX BETWEEN β-CAROTENE AND IODINE. II. CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX<sup>1</sup>

Lupinski, J. H.

doi:10.1021/j100806a052

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The bands at 295 and 370 nm, bands A and C, are assigned to the 1,species. 1,was shown to absorb at the above wavelengths by Lupinski [21]. Study of the curves makes clear the reaction course; the cation absorption and the I,species increase with time, whereas the retinol and iodine absorption decrease.…”

Section: Reaction Of Trichloroacetic Acid With Retinyl Acetate and mentioning

confidence: 95%

Wavelength Regulation in Visual Pigment Chromophore: Large Induced Bathochromic Shifts in Retinol and Related Polyenes.*

Blatz

Baumgartner

Balasubramaniyan

et al. 1971

Photochem & Photobiology

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Abstract— Low temperature techniques are used to record spectra of long wavelength absorbing electrochromic species formed from retinol and related compounds. Formation of these electrochromic species is induced either by iodine or trichloroacetic acid which merely act as acids. The electrochromic species are the corresponding carbonium ions of the respective polyenes. The resulting carbonium ions of a given polyene are identical regardless of whether they are formed by iodine or trichloroacetic acid. The molecular structures of the carbonium ions can be written with certainty. Consequently, the exact nature of the π‐electron system in the polyene and its carbonium ion may be elucidated.

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Section: Reaction Of Trichloroacetic Acid With Retinyl Acetate and mentioning

confidence: 95%

Wavelength Regulation in Visual Pigment Chromophore: Large Induced Bathochromic Shifts in Retinol and Related Polyenes.*

Blatz

Baumgartner

Balasubramaniyan

et al. 1971

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…These include conjugated and unconjugated ones and are: the natural rubber (poly(cisisoprene), polystyrene, styrene butadiene rubber, polyacetylene, polyphenylacetylene, poly(phenylene vinylene), polybutadiene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene C 60 . Several conjugated polyenic naturally occurring molecules such βcarotene, β apo8′carotenal, astacene, methyl bixin, lycopene, lutein, retinoic acid, vitamin A acetate, zeaxanthin, and fucoxan thin, were reported to develop CTCs with molecular iodine in the solid state [267][268][269][270][271]. A remarkable finding was that these iodinetreated molecules were endowed with high electrical conductivity, and were found, therefore, appli cations in solid state batteries [25,269,270]; there was an electrical conductivity of 10 6 S·cm 1 for the iodinated mol ecules against 10 14 S·cm 1 for the virgin molecules.…”

Section: Iodine Carbon/hydrocarbon Polymers Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular iodine/polymer complexes

Moulay

2013

Journal of Polymer Engineering

166

127

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A unique feature of molecular iodine by far, is its ability to bind to polymeric materials. A plethora of natural and synthetic polymers develop complexes when treated with molecular iodine, or with a mixture of mole cular iodine and potassium iodide. Many unexpected findings have been encountered upon complexation of iodine and the polymer skeleton, including the color formation, the polymer morphology changes, the compl exation sites or regions, the biological activity, and the electrical conductivity enhancement of the complexes, with poly iodides (I n¯) , mainly I 3¯ and I 5¯, as the actual binding species. Natural polymers that afford such complexes with iodine species are starch (amylose and amylopectin), chitosan, glycogen, silk, wool, albumin, cellulose, xylan, and natural rubber; iodinestarch being the oldest iodinenatural polymer complex. By contrast, numerous synthetic polymers are prone to make com plexes, including poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), nylons, poly(Schiff base)s, poly aniline, unsaturated polyhydrocarbons (carbon nano tubes, fullerenes C 60 /C 70 , polyacetylene; iodinePVA being the oldest iodinesynthetic polymer complex.

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“…It has been known that carotenoids in organic solvents can be chemically oxidized by using I, [14,15]. Fig.…”

Section: Spectra Of B-carotene Cations In Chloroform Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption band near 1000 nm is typical of a carotenoid cation, which has been extensively investigated by chemical oxidation [ 14,151, electrochemistry [ 16,171, pulse radiolysis [ 181, and flash photolysis [19]. The 366 and 295 nm bands were previously assigned to I,-that accumulated upon the oxidation of/I-carotene with I, [14]. The above results indicate that under these conditions of solvent species and the concentrations of p-carotene and I,, all the B-carotene molecules were oxidized to the cation form.…”

Section: Spectra Of B-carotene Cations In Chloroform Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the radical cation of β‐carotene photoinduced in photosystem II

1994

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A Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the radical cation ofBcarotene photoinduced in photosystem II (PSII) membranes was obtained at 80K under oxidizing conditions, by utilizing the light-induced FTIR difference technique. Formation of the B-carotene cation was monitored with the electronic absorption band at 993 nm. An FTIR spectrum of a chemically-generated B-carotene cation in chloroform was also measured and compared with the spectrum of PSII. Since the FTIR bands of carotenoid cation have characteristic features with strong intensities, they can be useful markers in studying the reaction of carotenoid in PSII.

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THE CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX BETWEEN β-CAROTENE AND IODINE. II. CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX¹

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Wavelength Regulation in Visual Pigment Chromophore: Large Induced Bathochromic Shifts in Retinol and Related Polyenes.*

Wavelength Regulation in Visual Pigment Chromophore: Large Induced Bathochromic Shifts in Retinol and Related Polyenes.*

Molecular iodine/polymer complexes

Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the radical cation of β‐carotene photoinduced in photosystem II

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THE CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX BETWEEN β-CAROTENE AND IODINE. II. CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX1

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Wavelength Regulation in Visual Pigment Chromophore: Large Induced Bathochromic Shifts in Retinol and Related Polyenes.*

Wavelength Regulation in Visual Pigment Chromophore: Large Induced Bathochromic Shifts in Retinol and Related Polyenes.*

Molecular iodine/polymer complexes

Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the radical cation of β‐carotene photoinduced in photosystem II

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THE CHARGE TRANSFER COMPLEX BETWEEN β-CAROTENE AND IODINE. II. CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEX¹