The Charging Strategy of Mobile Charging Vehicles in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks With Heterogeneous Sensors

Abstract

Energy shortage obstructs the applications of the wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN). With the development of the wireless energy transfer technology, the mobile wireless charging vehicle (WCV) becomes a promising solution to solve that problem. However, the importance of different sensor nodes in the data transmission and uneven energy consumptions are often ignored. In this paper, the charging strategy of the WCV is studied in the WRSN considering these two phenomena. According to the importance of the sensor node, which is associated with the distance to the base station, we divide sensor nodes into two types: sensor nodes in ring 0 and sensor nodes in outer ring. We propose a novel charging model, the WCV adopts different charging strategies for different sensor nodes. To make the charging more efficient, the WCV charges sensor nodes one by one in ring 0 first, and then charges multiple sensor nodes simultaneously in outer ring. To estimate the lifetime of the network, a new metric named as the normalized dead time is proposed. Maximizing the lifetime of the network is modeled as minimizing the sum normalized dead time, and an efficient algorithm is proposed to minimize the sum normalized dead time through searching the optimal charging timeslots sequences. Then, through reassigning charging timeslots of sensor nodes, the proposed minimum travel cost algorithm minimizes the travel distance of the WCV and guarantee the lifetime of the network. We further deploy a cluster head node which has larger battery capacity in each cluster and can charge other sensor nodes within a limited distance. An algorithm is proposed to pre-distribute energy of the cluster head node. At last, the performance of proposed algorithms is verified by MATLAB. The results indicate that the performance of the WRSN can be improved by our proposed algorithms. INDEX TERMS Wireless rechargeable sensor network, wireless energy transfer technology, mobile wireless charging vehicle, charging strategy, sum normalized dead time minimization, travel cost minimization.

QoS-Aware Energy Management and Node Scheduling Schemes for Sensor Network-Based Surveillance Applications

“…Such schemes are best suited for a densely connected network. A system based on the energy transference scheme is discussed in [64]. The system uses a power-packed mobile sensor node called wireless charging vehicle that moves through the network and supplies energy to energydeficient nodes by applying a magnetic-resonance based technique.…”

Hybrid Cyber Petri net Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Master-Slave Charging for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

“…Lyu et al, in [ 43 ], divided the network into multiple cells, and proposed a periodic multi-node charging and data collection scheme to maintain a perpetual operation. According to the importance of the sensor node, which was associated with the distance to the base station, Jiao et al in [ 44 ], divided sensor nodes into two types: Sensor nodes close to the base station and sensor nodes far away from the base station. In addition, different charging methods were adopted by the mobile wireless charging vehicle.…”

Wireless Sensor Networks Fault-Tolerance Based on Graph Domination with Parallel Scatter Search

“…In their model, the WCV charges sensor nodes in ring 0 are one by one, and then charges nodes in the outer ring all at once. They also assign a larger battery for each cluster head so that it can charge other sensor nodes within its wireless charging perimeter [ 43 , 44 ].…”