The Chemical Composition of the Hyphal Walls of the Fungus Allomyces

Aronson, Jerome M.; Machlis, Leonard

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1959.tb07015.x

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Sometimes substantial amounts of pigments (melanin), polyphosphate, inorganic ions, etc., may also be present. There is partial evidence for the presence of nucleic acids in fungal walls (4)(5)(6)(7), but to date no decisive proof of their presence has been provided. Physically, the fungal cell wall is a fabric of interwoven mi crofibrils embedded in or cemented by amorphous matrix substances.…”

Section: General Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Mannose occurs in both classes (20,33). In the Chytridiomycetes (Allomyces) none of these sugars was de tected (6,63).…”

Section: Group III Cellulose-chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partial characterizations of hyphal walls and spore walls of Aspergillus oryzae (5), Aspergillus phoenicis (65), Pithomyces chartarum (72,73,103), Fusariztm culmorum (67), hypha! walls of Allomyces macro gynus (6), and sporangia! walls of A. neo-moniliformis (63), revealed differences that were largely quantitative.…”

Section: Chemical Differentiation Of the Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chitin content oscillates widely from 3 to 5 per cent in Schizophyl lum commune (64) to about 60 per cent in Allomyces macrogynus (6) or Sclerotium rolfsii (65). The balance consists largely of noncellulosic gln cans which have been only superficially characterized, if at all.…”

Section: Group III Cellulose-chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi

Bartnicki-García¹

1968

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

1,490

623

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Section: General Structurementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Mannose occurs in both classes (20,33). In the Chytridiomycetes (Allomyces) none of these sugars was de tected (6,63).…”

Section: Group III Cellulose-chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Differentiation Of the Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Group III Cellulose-chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi

Bartnicki-García¹

1968

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

1,490

623

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“…Some papers have been published on the chemical composition of fungal cell walls (Crook and Johnston 1962;Aronson and Machlis 1959;Horikoshi and Iida 1964;Bartnicki-Garcia 1966;Applegarth 1967;Novaes-Ledieu et al 1967;Bartnicki-Garcia and Reyes 1968;Ballesta and Villanueva 1971). Most of them, however, deal with the chemical composition of hyphal walls rather than with that of spore walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chemical changes in the cell walls of conidia of Penicillium notatum during germination

Martı́n¹,

Nicolás²,

Villanueva³

1973

Can. J. Microbiol.

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1973. Chemical changes in the cell walls of conidia of Penicillirrrn notatum during germination. Can. J. Microbiol. 19: 789-796.Conidial and mycelial cell walls of Per~icillirrrn rroratrrnr were found to be chemically different, the main differences being in the distribution of amino acids, neutral sugars, and amino sugars. The aniino acid content was higher in conidial than in hyphal walls but individual arnino acids found in spore and lnycelial walls were essentially the same, except for basic aniino acids (histidine. arginine, and lysine) of which only traces were prescnt in mycelial walls.Four neutral sugars (glucose, galactose, niannose, and rhaninose) were detected in walls of resting spores, but rhamnose was absent at other stages of germination. Galactose was the most abundant sugar in walls of resting spores, while glucose was the main component of hyphal walls. Only one hexosamine (glucosamine) was found in walls of resting and swollen spores but galactosaniine was present in walls of germinating spores and mycelium. The content of both aniino sugars greatly increased during germination. MARTIN, J. F., G. NICOLAS et J. R. VILLANUEVA. 1973. Chemical changes in the cell walls of conidia of Penicillilmr tlotatum during germination. Can. J. Microbiol. 19: 789-796. Dans le cas de Periicillilrm notatrim, les parois cellulaires des conidies et du niyceliun~ sont chimiqilement diffkrentes. Les principales differences se situent au niveau de la distribution des acides aniines, des sucres neutres et des sucres amines. Le contenu total en acides amines est plus eleve dans les parois des conidies que dans les parois des hyphes mais, pris individuellement, on retrouve essentiellement les mtmes acides anlines dans les parois des spores et du mycelium sauf que les acides aminks basiques (histidine, arginine et lysine) ne se trouvent qu'a l'etat de traces dans les parois du myceliuni.Quatre sucres neutres (glucose, galactose. mannose et rhamnose) ont etC detectes dans les parois des spores a 1'6tat latent, mais aux autres stades de la germination, le rhamnose est absent. C'est le galactose qui est en plus grande abondance dans les parois des spores a l'etat latent et c'est le glucose qui est le constituant principal des parois des hyphes. Une seule hexosamine a ete detect& dans des parois de spores a I'ttat latent et renflQs: la glucosamine. Dans les parois du mycelium et des spores en phase de germination, on retrouve de la galactosamine. Le contenu de ces deux sucres amines augmente considtrablement pendant la germination.[Traduit par le journal]

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Blastocladiomycota

Longcore¹,

Simmons²

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The Blastocladiomycota, a phylum of fungi that produce motile spores and gametes, live in water or in soils, where they are active when water is present and survive with thick‐walled resting sporangia when soils are dry. Some genera are saprobic, but the phylum also contains pathogens of invertebrates and plants. Life cycles can include alternation of haploid and diploid generations and different generations may have different hosts. Sexual reproduction begins by fusion of gametes and meiosis takes place during germination of resistant sporangia. Saprobic members have been used as model organisms and genome sequencing of Allomyces and Blastocladiella continues this trend. Coelomomyces species parasitise mosquito larvae and are capable of causing death of up to 90% of their hosts. Obligate parasitism, narrow host ranges, need for an alternate host and unpredictable rate of control have deterred development of Coelomomyces species for mosquito control. Key Concepts: Members of the Blastocladiomycota produce spores and gametes that are motile by means of a posteriorly directed whiplash flagellum. Motile spores, which are recognisable by their centrally located nucleus that is apically surrounded by a nuclear cap consisting of ribosomes, are recognisable at the ultrastructural level by microtubules in groups of three that extend from the apex of the kinetosome and surround the nucleus. Some saprobic species have an alternation of morphologically similar haploid and diploid generations and some pathogens have alternation of haploid and diploid generations with different morphologies and sometimes on different hosts. Sexual reproduction is by fusion of motile gametes and meiosis takes place during the germination of resting sporangia. The phylum contains pathogens of crustaceans, nematodes, algae and aquatic and semi‐aquatic plants. Saprobic species, especially Allomyces macrogynus and Blastocladiella emersonii , are used for physiological and genetic studies and the genome of A. macrogynus has been sequenced.

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The Chemical Composition of the Hyphal Walls of the Fungus Allomyces

Cited by 57 publications

References 27 publications

Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi

Cell Wall Chemistry, Morphogenesis, and Taxonomy of Fungi

Chemical changes in the cell walls of conidia of Penicillium notatum during germination

Blastocladiomycota

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