The chemical content of raindrops as a function of drop radius—II. Field experimental study on the scavenging of marked aerosol particles by raindrops sampled as a function of drop size

Baechmann, K.; Ebert, P.; Haag, I.; Prokop, T.; Steigerwald, K.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00325-8

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Scavenging coefficients determined in theoretical studies and laboratory experiments do not represent natural aerosol scavenging. Scavenging coefficients calculated from change in aerosol size distribution with different rainfall rate in different field experiments have also been reported in the literature (Radke et al, 1980;Schumann, 1989;Nicholson et al, 1991;Volken and Schumann, 1993;Sparmacher et al, 1993;Baechmann et al, 1996;Ebert et al, 1998;Laakso et al, 2003;Maria and Russell, 2005). The results calculated from change in aerosol size distribution from field experiments showed a large spread with various conditions and were higher than those measured in the laboratory and those of theoretical studies (Stier et al, 2005;Tost et al, 2006;Feng, 2007;Croft et al, 2009;Berthet et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Aerosol characteristics including fumigation effect under weak precipitation over the southeastern coast of China

Zhang

Huang

Rao

2012

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Aerosol characteristics including fumigation effect under weak precipitation over the southeastern coast of China

Zhang

Huang

Rao

2012

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…It is assumed that only water evaporates in this process, while the chemical species contained in the raindrops remain. Consequently, the initial material removed by the droplets, expressed in terms of their volume, becomes greater (Baechmann et al, 1996b). On the contrary, if the evaporation of the droplets is complete as they fall, this can result in the release of aerosols into the atmosphere, thereby increasing atmospheric concentrations (Huff and Stout, 1964;Gong et al, 2011).…”

Section: Intra-event Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-event evolution of elemental and ionic concentrations in wet deposition in an urban environment

Audoux,

Laurent,

Desboeufs

et al. 2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. A measurement campaign was conducted in the Paris region, focusing on the evolution of chemical composition of wet deposition during rainfall events from sequential sampling. A total of eight rain events were documented and characterized by varying meteorological conditions, atmospheric dynamics, and aerosol particle concentrations representative of urban conditions and influenced by long-range mineral dust transport. The intra-event evolution of the chemical composition of wet deposition revealed the predominant role of meteorological parameters and local sources in the observed mass concentration variability. From selected case studies, the washout ratios (WRs) and scavenging coefficients were quantified by conducting simultaneous measurements of aerosol particle composition and wet deposition. The results highlighted a variability of the WR and scavenging coefficients depending on the rainfall rate and on the chemical species. Scavenging coefficients estimated from WR ranged from 5.4×10-8 to 1.1×10-5 s−1 for chemical elements, and they are within the range of values reported in the literature for 0.2–2 µm particle diameters. Our results pointed out that the scavenging coefficient increases with rainfall rate according to a power law, as previously shown in the literature, indicating a stronger removal of particles from the atmosphere with greater precipitation intensity. Quantitative analysis of the data allowed us to estimate the relative contributions of in-cloud scavenging (ICS) for selected rain events. The ICS relative contributions ranged on average from 23 % to 62 % depending on the rain events, and they varied according to the chemical species within the same rain event. This highlights the variability and complexity of the wet deposition process and the influence of specific factors on the contribution of ICS, such as aerosol particle size and hygroscopicity. Overall, this study highlights the variability of wet deposition and its chemical composition and the need to consider the specificities of each event to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.

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“…B~ichmann et al [1][2] have found a dependence of the concentration of trace elements on the radius of raindrops ("c/r-dependence"). Different mechanisms are responsible for the variation in the chemical content of raindrops [3][4]: -evaporation -particle and gas scavenging -collision, coalescence and break up of raindrops -chemical reactions inside raindrops. More detailed information about atmospheric processes can be obtained by investigating the history of single and size-classified raindrops on their way to ground [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of new methods for the analysis of carboxylic acids and carbonyl compounds in size classified raindrops by CE for application in modelling atmospheric processes

et al. 1997

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Suhtmary ~At the present time the formation processes of clouds and precipitation are not totally understood. Because cloud-and raindroplets are major sinks for chemical species in the atmosphere it is important to understand the physical and the chemical processes which occur during precipitation. The development of models is hindered by the scarcity of information about the scavenging of gases or aerosol particles by raindrops of different sizes. These processes can only be investigated by field experiments using microanalytical methods and analysing single raindrops as well as size-classified raindrop samples. R~indrops were collected according to their size by freeflng them in liquid nitrogen ("Guttalgor" method). S~/mple volumes of the smallest raindrop sizes (radius < 200 gm) were usually smaller than 2 gL. The analysis of microvolumina in the size range of gL down to pL required the development of methods designed especially for this purpose. Analysis of rain samples was carried out by capillary electrophoresis. Organic acids were determined using a new electrolyte system for indirect detection. With this system it was possible to determine monocarboxylic acids (C1-C4) dicarboxylic acids (C2-C4, C9) and inorganic anions (CI-, NO3-, SO42-) in the rain samples. Carbonyl compounds were analysed after derivatisation with dansylhydrazine using direct UV-detection. The system allows the idenPresented at the 21 st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15th-20 th September, 1996 tification of aliphatic carbonyl compounds (C1-C3, C5) as well as benzaldehyd e. It was found that carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids showed concentration maxima at different raindrop radii. These concentration maxima are a consequence of particle scavenging. By using the results of a former experiment we concluded that the two species are located on different aerosol particle sizes. Reasons for the different particle sizes where these species are located are discussed.

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The chemical content of raindrops as a function of drop radius—II. Field experimental study on the scavenging of marked aerosol particles by raindrops sampled as a function of drop size

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Aerosol characteristics including fumigation effect under weak precipitation over the southeastern coast of China

Aerosol characteristics including fumigation effect under weak precipitation over the southeastern coast of China

Intra-event evolution of elemental and ionic concentrations in wet deposition in an urban environment

Development of new methods for the analysis of carboxylic acids and carbonyl compounds in size classified raindrops by CE for application in modelling atmospheric processes

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