The Chemistry of Aqueous Solutions of Zirconium Salts (Does the Zirconyl Ion Exist?)

Abstract

We calculate the 1-loop effect in super-Yang-Mills which preserves 1/4supersymmetries and is holographically dual to the null-like cosmology with a big-bang singularity. Though the bosonic and fermionic spectra do not agree precisely, we do obtain vanishing 1-loop vacuum energy for generic warped plane-wave type backgrounds with a big-bang singularity. Moreover, we find that the cosmological "constant" contributed either by bosons or fermions is time-dependent. The issues about the particle production of some background and about the UV structure are also commented. We argue that the effective higher derivative interactions are suppressed as long as the Fourier transform of the timedependent coupling is UV-finite. Our result holds for scalar configurations that are BPS but with arbitrary time-dependence. This suggests the existence of non-renormalization theorem for such a new class of time-dependent theories. Altogether, it implies that such a super-Yang-Mills is scale-invariant, and that its dual bulk quantum gravity might behave regularly near the big bang.Keywords: M(atrix) Theories, AdS-CFT Correspondence, Penrose limit and pp-wave background.1 Though the conformal invariance of N=4 SYM is broken, as shown in [10], there is still a residual scale-invariance that guarantees the power-law structure of the SYM correlators.2 We thank C. Bachas for pointing this out to us.

Evaluations of operating parameters on treatment of can manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation

“…The onset of precipitation reactions also occurs at pH about 2 and the solubility of zirconium oxide or hydroxide phases is very low (<10 −8 M [51,52]. The points of zero charge (pzc) of zirconium (hydr) oxide were reported in the literature ranged from 4 to 8.6 [53].…”

The effect of processing parameters on particle size in ammonia-induced precipitation of zirconyl chloride under industrially relevant conditions

“…The solubility product was also calculated using a stoichiometric formula of Zr(OH) 4 although it is made clear in the paper that this formula is an assumption. Huang et al [8] investigated the differences between zirconium hydroxide (Zr(OH) 4 ⋅nH 2 O) and hydrous zirconia (ZrO 2 ⋅nH 2 O) but did not investigate the previously suggested structure ZrO(OH) 2 [9,10] [11] [12] [13].…”

Solvent Extraction of Zirconium (IV) from Thiocyanate and Hydrochloric Acid Solutions by LIX 26 and DOSO

“…With increase in [HCl] > 1 M it appears that the main component of LIX 26 i.e. alkylated derivative of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HL) exists as H 2 L + [17] and hence possibly cannot extract cationic chloro species of Zr(IV) [18]. In the whole range of 0.1 -5 M HCl studied maximum extraction of 86% could only be achieved at 1 M HCl.…”