The Chemistry of Caries Inhibition Problems and Challenges in Topical Treatments

Brudevold, F.; McCann, H.G.; Nilsson, R. Henrik; Richardson, Basil; Čoklica, Vera

doi:10.1177/00220345670460013801

Cited by 132 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Acidulated fluorides have been formulated to ensure that the concentration of fluoride ion present is sufficient to protect the tooth against any resultant mineral loss. 15 The acidulated forms of fluoride are used to enhance the uptake of fluoride into the tooth surface, and the lowered pH associated with the gel is present for only a short time before being neutralized by salivary buffering. Fluoride gels should be most effective if used some time prior to a gastric acid attack, and are most often applied late in the evening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo‐in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion‐its application to testing protection b flouride gel application

Jones¹,

Lekkas²,

Hunt³

et al. 2002

Australian Dental Journal

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Background:The objective in this study was to develop an in vivo-in vitro model of endogenous erosion, with a view to exploring the potential for some degree of its control by the use of topical fluoride gel application to teeth. Methods: Six volunteers each wore a small clasp retained palatal acrylic appliance to which six sterilized enamel tiles were bonded. Three tiles on each appliance were coated extra-orally with either 1.23 per cent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or 2.2 per cent sodium fluoride (NaF) neutral gel for four minutes prior to multiple periods of exposure to the simulated gastric acid, cumulating in 16, 36, 80 and 150 minutes of exposure. Impressions of the enamel tiles prior to and following acid exposure permitted dies to be prepared. These were sectioned through the exposed areas and examined under a stereomicroscope to assess maximum depths of erosion. Results: The depth of erosive demineralization of enamel was found to be greatly reduced with increased frequency of APF gel application. The reduction in enamel loss was less following topical application of NaF gel. Conclusions: It was concluded that fluoride gels significantly reduced enamel erosion using this in vivo-in vitro model and therefore, if prescribed appropriately, should help reduce tooth tissue loss from endogenous erosion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo‐in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion‐its application to testing protection b flouride gel application

Jones¹,

Lekkas²,

Hunt³

et al. 2002

Australian Dental Journal

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“…The fact that a cariostatic effect of fluoride could be obtained without a concomitant increase of fluoride in sound enamel [Brudevold et al, 1967;Aasenden et al, 1972;Shern et al, 1977] whereas enamel fluoride concentration increased in enamel undergoing a carious challenge [Hallsworth et al, 1971;Richards et al, 1977] became very important. By combining the above data with the results from theoretical and laboratory experiments on enamel solubility [Larsen, 1975;Larsen et al, 1976] it was tempting to suggest 'a possible explanation of the predominant cariostatic effect of fluoride' in 1981 [Fejerskov et al, 1981].…”

Section: Fluoride and Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

2004

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Kuhn proposed in his Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) that the theoretical framework of a science (paradigm) determines how each generation of researchers construes a causal sequence. Paradigm change is infrequent and revolutionary; thereafter previous knowledge and ideas become partially redundant. This paper discusses two paradigms central to cariology. The first concerns the most successful caries-preventive agent: fluoride. When it was thought that fluoride had to be present during tooth mineralisation to ‘improve’ the biological apatite and the ‘caries resistance’ of the teeth, systemic fluoride administration was necessary for maximum benefit. Caries reduction therefore had to be balanced against increasing dental fluorosis. The ‘caries resistance’ concept was shown to be erroneous 25 years ago, but the new paradigm is not yet fully adopted in public health dentistry, so we still await real breakthroughs in more effective use of fluorides for caries prevention. The second paradigm is that caries is a transmittable, infectious disease: even one caused by specific microorganisms. This paradigm would require caries prevention by vaccination, but there is evidence that caries is not a classical infectious disease. Rather it results from an ecological shift in the tooth-surface biofilm, leading to a mineral imbalance between plaque fluid and tooth and hence net loss of tooth mineral. Therefore, caries belongs to common ‘complex’ or ‘multifactorial’ diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, in which many genetic, environmental and behavioural risk factors interact. The paper emphasises how these paradigm changes raise new research questions which need to be addressed to make caries prevention and treatment more cost-effective.

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“…From reports of the literature, when fluorine was applied to the tooth, CaF 2 occurs at high doses and FAP forms at low or medium doses [1][2][3][4] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Fluorine Invasion Condition in White Spots of Human Enamel Treated with Fluoride

Tanaka

Motohashi

Shiozaki

et al. 2010

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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There are few studies reporting observation of invasion state of fluorine applied for white spots of enamel as well as healthy parts with a non-invasive method. Thus we used EPMA method to observe fluorine invasion state in a normal human tooth. We clearly observed that more fluorine infiltrated in the decalcified porous structured enamel organ as compared to normal healthy enamel. Our results showed that when teeth were considered to be protected from caries by application of oral fluorine, more fluorine accumulation occurred in the white spot area as compared to healthy enamel section, suggesting its useful clinical use.

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The Chemistry of Caries Inhibition Problems and Challenges in Topical Treatments

Cited by 132 publications

References 14 publications

Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo‐in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion‐its application to testing protection b flouride gel application

Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo‐in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion‐its application to testing protection b flouride gel application

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

Observation of Fluorine Invasion Condition in White Spots of Human Enamel Treated with Fluoride

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