The chemistry of the gold drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Brown, D. H.; Smith, W. Ewen

doi:10.1039/cs9800900217

Cited by 194 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Gold(I) compounds with sulfur-containing ligands are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Brown & Smith, 1980). This chemistry has been expanded to include phosphine-sulfur gold complexes by the development of Auranofin as a successful drug (Parish & Cottrill, 1987).…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzenethiolato(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)

Fackler¹,

Staples²,

Elduque³

et al. 1994

Acta Crystallogr C

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzenethiolato(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)

Fackler¹,

Staples²,

Elduque³

et al. 1994

Acta Crystallogr C

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“…The chemistry (25)(26)(27), biochemistry (28, 29), pharmacology (30) and the more clinical aspects (3) of gold drugs have been reviewed. The major binding site for gold drugs in plasma is the free thiol group of cysteine-34 of human serum albumin (28, 29).…”

Section: Interaction Of Gold (I) With Albuminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold drugs: Mechanism of action and toxicity

1996

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Gold drugs are still amongst the most efficacious for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Their mechanism of action, as well as the molecular basis of their side-effects, remain poorly understood. Current theories are reviewed, including recent potential breakthroughs. The interaction of gold(III) with peptides and proteins and its immunochemical implications are discussed.Ninety elements occur naturally on earth of which 9 are radioactive. Eighty-one elements are therefore potentially available to support life, of which 61 are metals. It is believed that about 25 are essential for human life but our knowledge of the biochemistry of several of these (e.g.V; Ni, Sn) is poor. In general, therefore, there is enormous scope for the use of inorganic compounds in medicine, and a need for research in this area. Metals currently used in medicine include gold in antiarthritic agents, platinum in anticancer drugs, lithium for manic depression, bismuth in anti-ulcer drugs, and silver and mercury in antimicrobial agents (1). The effectiveness of ruthenium complexes as anti-metastatic agents with potential use in cancer therapy is currently receiving much attention (2). However, the potential of inorganic metal compounds as drugs has yet to be fully explored. With the exception of platinum, which has attracted the most research efforts because of its importance in the therapy of some types of cancer, and which is now generally thought to be effective by interaction with DNA, the mechanism of action of other inorganic drugs is mostly unknown.One of the problems of inorganic drugs is their side-effects. For gold drugs used in the therapy of * Hypersensitivity is an adaptive immune response occurring in an exaggerated or inappropriate form causing tissue damage. It is a characteristic of the individual and is manifested on second contact with the particular antigen (in this case gold drugs). Delayed-type hypersensitivity takes more than 12 hours to develop and is mediated primarily by T cell and macrophages.

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“…A number of lines of evidence suggest that gold(Ill) is readily reduced to gold (I) under conditions prevailing in vivo [6,7,8] and that bulk gold in tissues is gold(I) even after administration of gold(Ill) to laboratory animals [8]. Nonetheless, many reviews point out the feasibility of oxidation [9][10][11][12][13] and possible reactions have been reported [4,14,15]. Thus, the observation that gold(Ill), but not gold(I), induces secondary immune responses in laboratory animals [2] and human patients [3] treated with gold(I) drugs suggests that gold(Ill) is indeed generated in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%