The chemotactic properties of various topical brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic preparations

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the leukocyte chemotactic activities of various brimonidine tartrate (BT) eye drop formulations. Methods: A 96-well dot-blot platet using a Boyden-style well was used to study the chemotactic effects of BT ophthalmic preparations. A modification was made to create blind wells where the tested agents were placed. Leukocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. As positive controls, we used diluted drugs, benzalkonium chloride solution (BAK), zymosan-activated serum, and formyl-methionine-leucinephenylalanine peptides. The negative control in our study was a phosphate-buffered saline solution. For each experimental condition, we measured leukocyte migration through a Millipore membrane. The differences in the mean migration distance between groups were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The measured migration distances (in μm ± SD) were 62.14 ± 3.71 for BT 0.2% with BAK (Alcon Laboratories Inc.); 63.61 ± 3.81 for BT 0.2% with BAK (Allergan Inc); 40.36 ± 3.17 for BT 0.15% without BAK; and 41.02 ± 2.17 for BAK alone. The negative controls showed no chemotactic activity, while the positive controls showed the highest neutrophil migration of all experimental conditions. The differences between BT 0.15% without BAK and the other commercial formulations were statistically significant. Conclusion: Commercial ophthalmic preparations of BT 0.2% with BAK 0.005% had higher chemotactic properties than the alternative of a lower concentration of BT and without the preservative BAK. Therefore, the latter should be considered for patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension in order to minimize iatrogenic ocular inflammation.

A Topical Formulation of Melatoninergic Compounds Exerts Strong Hypotensive and Neuroprotective Effects in a Rat Model of Hypertensive Glaucoma

“…Although brimonidine has been found to display anti-inflammatory properties in the erythematous skin through the modulation of the vascular barrier function [59], no information is available on its possible anti-inflammatory activity in the diseased eye. Rather, chemotactic properties of various brimonidine formulations in respect to leukocyte migration may determine undesirable inflammatory complications to the eye [60]. Additionally, allergic conjunctivitis and granulomatous uveitis in the elderly can occur after brimonidine administration presumably through activation of T-cells/macrophages [61].…”

<p>Effects of miR-384 and miR-134-5p Acting on YY1 Signaling Transduction on Biological Function of Gastric Cancer Cells</p>

“…Moreover, miR-186 can act on the target gene YY1 in the treatment of human NSCLC. 26 Hence, we further transfected miR-134-5p-mimics/sh-YY1 and miR-384mimics/sh-YY1 into KATO III to detect the biological function of the cells. It was found that after transfection of sh-YY1,…”