The chick chorioallantoic membrane imaging method as a platform to evaluate vasoactivity and assess irritancy of compounds

Abstract

The CAM model can be applied to assess pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations in early development work to gain useful insights to potential irritancy and biological effects of components and formulations.

Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM): an alternative predictive model in acute toxicological studies for anti-cancer drugs

“…Therefore in our study, camptothecin in 0.1 N NaOH was diluted with saline at pH 7.4 to final dosages containing 0.005 N (0.025%) or less NaOH for the various concentrations tested. Carmustine and melphalan had similar formulations, with 5% or less ethanol in the final injectable solutions, and this amount of ethanol was tolerated by the CAM [ 31 , 44 ]. Actinomycin-D was reported to dissolve in acetone, and in our experimental protocol, 1.2% of acetone in the final solution of the most concentrated sample was acceptable in the CAM; as Chen et al (2013) previously reported successful usage of a much higher amount (50%) of acetone for angiogenesis assays in the CAM [ 7 ].…”

“…For drugs developed for the IV route of administration, there are several advantages to using the CAM: Firstly, the CAM has an extensive capillary network that is well developed by EDD-9 [ 34 ] for researchers to test drug formulations and their effects on the vasculature system via the IV route of administration. Testing of drug effects on vasculature is possible through monitoring of blood flow under microscopic examination before and after drug injection [ 44 ]. Secondly, blood circulation in the CAM is minimally disrupted by puncture of the blood vessel, and this enables the drug to continue in the circulation to reach embryo organs [ 23 ].…”

“…Drug experimentation on CAMs by IV administration was performed on EDD-9 when the blood vasculature has fully developed [ 34 ]. EDD-9 chick embryos are commonly utilized for testing of drug formulations and irritants [ 24 , 44 ] while embryos of later stages, for example. EDD-11 and above, have been used for testing in vascular assays [ 34 , 44 , 47 ].…”

“…EDD-9 chick embryos are commonly utilized for testing of drug formulations and irritants [ 24 , 44 ] while embryos of later stages, for example. EDD-11 and above, have been used for testing in vascular assays [ 34 , 44 , 47 ]. For project planning purposes, EDD-9 is advantageous, since experimentation on chick embryos younger than EDD-14 does not require approval from an animal ethics committee [ 19 , 27 ].…”

Clotrimazole microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel: evaluation of buccal drug delivery and irritancy using chick chorioallantoic membrane as the model

“…Its good physical property and uncomplicated handling method make CAM attractive for use as a biological membrane mimicking buccal diffusion layer in drug permeation studies. Moreover, hen's egg test‐chorioallantoic membrane (HET‐CAM) can be used for irritancy evaluation …”