The chloroplast transcription apparatus from mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.)

Tiller, Kai; Eisermann, Andrea; Link, Gerhard

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15990.x

Cited by 83 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Differential transcription of rpoB versus rbcL could be due to the action of multiple RNA polymerases (Greenberg et al, 1984), modulation of DNA conformation (Lam and Chua, 1987;Thompson and Mosig, 1990), DNA methylation (Gauly and Kossel, 1989;Ngernprasirtsiri and Akazawa, 1990), or protein factors that alter promoter selection by the plastid RNA polymerase (Baeza et al, 1991;Tiller et al, 1991). Multiple RNA polymerase activities have been reported in plastids (Greenberg et al, 1984;Zaitlin et al, 1984).…”

Section: Differential Transcription Of Rpob 16s Rrna Frnfm/c and Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

1993

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Chloroplast genomes encode rRNAs, tRNAs, and proteins involved in transcription, translation, and photosynthesis. l h e expression of 15 plastid genes representing each of these functions was quantitated during chloroplast development in barley (Hordeum vulgare). l h e transcription of all plastid genes increased during the initial phase of chloroplast development and then declined during chloroplast maturation. RNAs corresponding to rpoBrpoC1-rpoC2, which encode subunits of a plastid RNA polymerase, and rpsl6, which encodes a ribosomal protein, reached maximal abundance early in chloroplast development prior to genes encoding subunits of the photosynthetic apparatus (rbcl, afp6, psaA, petB). lranscription of rpoB as well as 16s rRNA, trnfM-tmC, and trnK was high early in chloroplast development and declined 10-fold relative to r b c l transcription during chloroplast maturation. RNA hybridizing to psbA and psbD, genes encoding reaction center proteins of photosystem II, was differentially maintained in mature chloroplasts of illuminated barley. Differential accumulation of psbD mRNA relative to r b c l mRNA was due to light-stimulated transcription of psbD. In contrast, enhanced levels of psbA mRNA in mature chloroplasts were due primarily to selective stabilization of the psbA mRNA. These data document dynamic modulation of plastid gene transcription and mRNA stability during barley chloroplast development.

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Section: Differential Transcription Of Rpob 16s Rrna Frnfm/c and Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

1993

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“…Chloroplasts were isolated from 2 to 3 kg cotyledons of 5-d-old mustard seedlings or 4-week-old Arabidopsis rosette leaves by sucrose gradient centrifugation (18 gradients at 35 mL; Tiller et al, 1991) at 48C. After lyses of the chloroplasts in 200 mL buffer A (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.6, 100 mM [NH 4 ] 2 SO 4 , 4 mM EDTA, 25% glycerol, 1% Triton X-100, 40 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 50 mg/mL phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride [PMSF]; Rushlow and Hallick, 1982), the insoluble material was removed by centrifugation (20,000g, 48C, 30 min).…”

Section: Isolation Of Tacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the subunits abb9b0 of the core complex of PEP are plastid encoded, the specificity of the holoenzyme (abb9b0s) is determined by nuclear-encoded sigma factors (Tiller et al, 1991;Homann and Link, 2003;Suzuki et al, 2004). They are expressed in a light-dependent, developmental, and tissue-specific manner (Allison, 2000;Kasai et al, 2004;Ishizaki et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pTAC2, -6, and -12 Are Components of the Transcriptionally Active Plastid Chromosome That Are Required for Plastid Gene Expression

et al. 2005

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Transcription in plastids is mediated by a plastid-encoded multimeric (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded single-subunit RNA polymerase (NEP) and a still unknown number of nuclear-encoded factors. By combining gel filtration and affinity chromatography purification steps, we isolated transcriptionally active chromosomes from Arabidopsis thaliana and mustard (Sinapis alba) chloroplasts and identified 35 components by electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Eighteen components, called plastid transcriptionally active chromosome proteins (pTACs), have not yet been described. T-DNA insertions in three corresponding genes, ptac2, -6, and -12, are lethal without exogenous carbon sources. Expression patterns of the plastid-encoded genes in the corresponding knockout lines resemble those of Drpo mutants. For instance, expression of plastid genes with PEP promoters is downregulated, while expression of genes with NEP promoters is either not affected or upregulated in the mutants. All three components might also be involved in posttranscriptional processes, such as RNA processing and/or mRNA stability. Thus, pTAC2, -6, and -12 are clearly involved in plastid gene expression.

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“…Some of these promoters require RNA polymerase plus additional transcription factors for full activity. a-like transcription factors have also been discovered and partially purified from spinach (31) and mustard chloroplasts (32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Two types of chloroplast gene promoters in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Klein

Camp

Bogorad

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Structures of the promoters of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii plastid atpB and 16S rRNA-encoding genes were analyzed in vivo. Chimeric constructs, containing the Chlamydomonas chloroplast atpB or 16S rRNA-encoding gene promoter coupled to the Escherichia col uidA (3-glucuronidase, GUS) reporter gene and bordered by C. reinhardi chloroplast sequences, were stably introduced into the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas by microprojectile bombardment. Activity of the promoters in the chloroplast of GUS gene-positive transformants was assayed by measuring the abundance of GUS transcripts and determining the relative rates of GUS transcription in vivo. Deletion analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and atpB promoter fragments showed that the two promoters differ structurally. The 16S rRNA gene promoter resembles the bacterial 90 type with typical -10 and -35 elements. The atpB promoter, on the other hand, lacks a conserved motif in the -35 region but contains, in the -10 region, a characteristic octameric palindrome (TATAATAT) that is conserved in the promoter sequences of some other C. reinhardi chloroplast genes. For maximum activity, the atpB promoter requires sequences of -22 base pairs upstream and '60 base pairs downstream of the transcription start site.

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The chloroplast transcription apparatus from mustard (Sinapis alba L.)

Cited by 83 publications

References 59 publications

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

Plastid Genes Encoding the Transcription/Translation Apparatus Are Differentially Transcribed Early in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Chloroplast Development (Evidence for Selective Stabilization of psbA mRNA)

pTAC2, -6, and -12 Are Components of the Transcriptionally Active Plastid Chromosome That Are Required for Plastid Gene Expression

Two types of chloroplast gene promoters in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

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