The Choroid Is Thicker in Angle Closure than in Open Angle and Control Eyes

Arora, Karun; Jefferys, Joan L.; Maul, Eugenio; Quigley, Harry A.

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10483

Cited by 85 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The choroid is a dynamic structure, and its thickness depends on several factors, e.g., a thinner choroid is associated with older age [13,23] , higher IOP [24] , higher myopia, and longer axial length [25,26] . Several factors contribute to the conflicting findings using OCT regarding the PPCT in glaucoma, including different measurement techniques (most of them are performed manually), and the dynamic and variable nature of the choroid [27] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness Analysis Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Patients: A Broader Approach

et al. 2017

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Aims: To evaluate and compare peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) in a wide area around the optic disk and various choroidal established zones in healthy controls and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using a new swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) device. Methods: A total of 246 eyes were finally included in this observational, prospective, cross-sectional study: 111 healthy controls and 135 POAG patients. The healthy subjects were divided into 2 populations: the teaching population (25 used to establish choroidal zones) and the validating population (86 used for comparing choroidal thickness with POAG patients). A 26 × 26 cube grid centered on the optic disk was generated using an SS-OCT to automatically measure choroidal thickness. Four choroidal zones were established and used to compare PPCT between healthy controls and POAG patients. Results: PPCT was significantly thinner in zones 3 and 4 of the POAG group. The choroid exhibited a similar pattern in controls and patients with POAG; it was thickest in the superior region, followed in order by the temporal, nasal, and inferior regions. Conclusions: Peripapillary choroidal tissue shows a concentric pattern in both groups, and glaucoma patients present with peripapillary choroidal thinning compared with healthy subjects, especially in areas further away from the optic disk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness Analysis Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Patients: A Broader Approach

et al. 2017

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“…8,9,15 In the present study, we used EDI-OCT to further investigate macular CT in the whole range of subtypes of AC disease by comparing the measured values with healthy control eyes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that high-quality imaging modalities have been used to show the CT distribution in the whole subtypes of AC disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal Thickness in the Subtypes of Angle Closure: An EDI-OCT Study

Huang

Wang

Gao

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) in the subtypes of angle-closure (AC) disease compared with CT in a healthy control. METHODS.A total of 297 subjects (eyes) were enrolled in the study: 87 were nonglaucoma controls and 210 were AC subtype eyes (primary AC suspect [PACS] Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure the macular CT in the subtypes of AC disease and in healthy control subjects. The average CT was compared among the five groups.RESULTS. Thinner CT was associated with older age and longer axial length (AL) (all P < 0.001). All AC groups had thicker subfoveal CT (SFCT) compared with the control eyes (all P < 0.05), even after controlling for age and the AL factor. Acute primary angle-closure eyes had the thickest SFCT and were 61.9-lm thicker than healthy eyes, while PACS, PAC, and PACG eyes were 32.9-, 30.9-, and 25.4-lm thicker than healthy eyes, respectively. No significant difference was observed among the PACS, PAC, and PACG groups.CONCLUSIONS. Increased CT might be another anatomic characteristic of AC eyes. These findings may support the hypotheses that choroidal expansion is a contributing factor to the development of AC disease.

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“…Some maculopathies, such as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, and Vogt-Koyanaga-Harada disease, are associated with an abnormally thick choroid, other macular diseases such as myopic maculopathy are related with an abnormally thin choroid, and AMD (except for geographic atrophy) is not correlated with an abnormal choroidal thickness. [16][17][18][19][20][21] We therefore conducted this study to measure the choroidal thickness in children in a population-based setting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Macular Choroidal Thickness in Children: The Shandong Children Eye Study

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To examine the thickness of the macular choroid and its associations in school children aged 6 to 18 years. METHODS.The school-based cross-sectional Shandong Children Eye Study included 6026 (94.7%) of 6364 eligible children fulfilling the inclusion criterion of an age from 4 to 18 years. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed for a subgroup of 972 school children aged 6þ years. All participants underwent ocular examinations, including measurement of visual acuity, cycloplegic refractometry, biometry, and SD-OCT (enhanced depth imaging mode) for measurement of choroidal thickness. RESULTS.The study included 972 children (501 girls) with a mean age of 11.3 6 3.3 years (range, 6-18 years) and mean axial length of 24.10 6 1.56 mm (range, 16.57-28.82 mm). Mean choroidal thickness was thicker (P < 0.001) at 500 lm temporal to the foveola (290 6 67 lm) than in the subfoveal region (283 6 67 lm; range, 113-507 lm) and the region 500 lm superior to the fovea (283 6 66 lm), where it was thicker (P < 0.001) than at 500 lm inferior of the foveola (281 6 66 lm), and it was thinnest (P < 0.001) at 500 lm nasal of the foveola (268 6 67 lm). In multivariate analysis, thicker SFCT was (overall correlation coefficient r: 0.51) associated with shorter axial length (P < 0.001; standardized correlation coefficient b: À0.48; B: À23.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: À27.2 to À20.3), male sex (P ¼ 0.006; b: À0.08; B: À10.7; 95% CI: À18.3 to À3.11), and younger age (P ¼ 0.04; b: À0.07; B: À1.46; 95% CI: À2.85 to À0.07).CONCLUSIONS. As in adults, thicker SFCT in children and teenagers was markedly associated with shorter axial length, and to a lesser degree with male sex and older age. As in adults, increasing axial myopia in teenagers is associated with choroidal thinning and development of a leptochoroid.Keywords: choroidal thickness, choroid, optical coherence tomography, leptochoroid, Shandong Children Eye Study D evelopment of the enhanced depth imaging mode of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has made the visualization and measurement of the choroid in vivo feasible. 1,2 Previous investigations have determined the thickness of the choroid in the macular region and have assessed relationships between choroidal thickness measurements and other ocular and systemic variables such as axial length and age.3-5 Most of these studies were performed on adults, whereas children and teenagers have only rarely been examined, and if, then mostly in relatively small study populations. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The study by Park and Oh,6 in which the choroidal thickness profiles were assessed in 48 healthy children, revealed a mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) of 348 6 83 lm. In the investigation by Read and colleagues 7 on 194 children with an age of 4 to 12 years and a spherical equivalent refractive error ranging between þ1.25 and À0.50 diopters, mean SFCT was 330 6 65 lm (range, 189-538 lm). Interestingly, SFCT increased significantly (P ¼ 0.04) with older age from 312 6...

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The Choroid Is Thicker in Angle Closure than in Open Angle and Control Eyes

Cited by 85 publications

References 42 publications

Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness Analysis Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Patients: A Broader Approach

Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness Analysis Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma Patients: A Broader Approach

Choroidal Thickness in the Subtypes of Angle Closure: An EDI-OCT Study

Macular Choroidal Thickness in Children: The Shandong Children Eye Study

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