The chromatographic separation of enantiomers through nanoscale design

Abstract

The pharmacological implications of chirality in drugs and the strict legislation in this regard have led to the development of efficient enantioselective technologies to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds and to analyze their quality. However, although the most popular technique for enantioselective analysis is HPLC, the advent of nanotechnologies opens up great possibilities regarding the development of high throughput methods and processes. This tutorial review describes the state of the art in the application of nanoparticles or nanostructured materials to enantioseparation. The possibilities for this kind of materials, previously modified to include conventional chiral selectors, or the use as chiral selectors of those intrinsically chiral are considered.

Verfahren zur Enantiomerentrennung

“…Die Identifizierung des am besten geeigneten chromatographischen Systems zur Lçsung eines spezifischen Trennproblems mithilfe systematischen Säulenscreenings wurde vor kurzem erläutert, [243] ebenso wie Versuche zur Miniaturisierung zur Ermçglichung von Hochdurchsatzmethoden. [244] Die intensiven Forschungsaktivitäten in der Entwicklung verbesserter CSPs werden sicher auch in Zukunft verbesserte chirale stationäre Festphasen hervorbringen. Allerdings ist es neben der Ermittlung der geeigneten CSP zur Bewältigung einer Problemstellung bei der Enantiomerentrennung auch immer noch eine wichtige Aufgabe, ein Trennverfahren für präparative Zwecke sorgfältig zu entwerfen und den am besten geeigneten Betriebsmodus auszuwählen.…”

Molecular imprinted polymers as drug delivery vehicles

“…thermal, mechanical, and highly acidic and basic pH conditions). Due to their high selectivity and stability, MIPs have been applied for numerous applications, such as chromatographic separation (Zaidi & Cheong, 2008Zaidi et al, , 2011Jang et al, 2011;Zaidi, 2013a;Zaidi & Shin, 2014), recognition for peptides and biomolecules (Subat et al, 2004), capturing of hazardous radioactive waste (Bhaskarapillai et al, 2009), drug delivery (Sancho & Minguillon, 2009), solid phase extraction (Caro et al, 2005), and recognition element for electrochemical and biosensors (Zaidi, 2013b).…”

Chiral Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotube Chiral Composites: Preparation and Applications

“…Chiral nanotechnology, in which chiral nanomaterial plays an important role, 3,4 concerns about both the technology of preparation, puri¯cation and analysis of chiral nanomaterial, and enantioseparation using nano chiral-material as selectors. 5 The use of polymeric nanoparticles, polystyrene, titania and alumina nanoparticles, etc.…”

“…for the enantioselective discrimination of enantiomers has been further studied. 4 As the one-dimension nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exist as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), double-walled carbon nanotubes or multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with various morphologies and diameters. 6,7 Due to their extraordinary physical, chemical and electrical properties, they provide opportunities for the development of the enantioseparation technology.…”

“…Based on the structure-dependent interaction strength of SWNTs with an allyl dextran-based gel, the large-scale chiral-selective separation of 13 di®erent (n; m) ((7, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (7,5), (8,3), (8,4), (7,6), (8,6), (9, 4), (10, 2),(10, 3), (8, 7) and (12, 1)) species of SWNTs using a single-surfactant multicolumn gel chromatography method utilizing one surfactant and a series of vertically connected gel columns were achieved by Liu et al 36 Due to the lowest interaction with the gel, metallic SWNTs could be¯nally collected as unbound nanotubes.…”