The Circulatory System, the Skin, and the Cutaneous Organs of the Domestic Mammals

Abstract

This valuable addition to the principal sources of information o n veterinary anatomy is an unrevised translation of Vol. I11 in the five-volume series The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, which was first published in German in 1976. It begins with general chapters on the blood, blood vessels, and heart, and then devotes a section to the heart of the individid domestic mammals. The arteries and veins are presented region by region, vessel by vessel, comparative details for each species being introduced within the description of each vessel. The only exception to this procedure is the account of the vasculature of the fore and hind feet, which is presented separately for each species. The description of the lymphatic system opens with a general survey of structure and function. There follows a comparative study of the system region by region, and the section ends with a n account of each individual specivs. Extensive general surveys begin the discussion of the cutaneous organs, including skin, hair, glands, mammae, and horny derivatives. Finally these structures are examined for eadi individual species.The general sections contain a great deal of useful information, ranging widely over developmental, phylogenetic, physiological, and clinical aspects. Inevitably there are disappointing omissions in such a huge field. For instance the structure of the microcirculation is treated relatively superficially despite its importance in normal and abnormal physiology.The most difficult sections are those on the arteries and veins. These must have been appallingly difficult to write, requiring endless decisions about what to leave out, and extreme ingenuity in weaving the species details into a coherent whole. The outcome is a highlv condensed mass of information, within which it becomes difficult to see the wood for the trees. Try, for example, to ascertain the main arterial supply to the hind foot of the dog. Some aspects have been left out. For instance, the intracranial venous sinuses are deferred to Vol. IV, and the carotid sinus and carotid body receive only the most brief mention.There are nearly 500 illustrations, many of those showing the arteries and veins being in colour. The illustrations relating to cutaneous organs are especially generous. The Figures in the lymphatic section are derived extensively from the elegant illustrations of Baum. These are most beautifully drawn, but are not always really clear, particularly those that tend to be too small (e. g. Figs. 265, 266, 285, and 300).The nomenclature faithfully follows the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, with heatry emphasis on Latin. This has created some problem for the translators. In places the density of Latin terms is quite overwhelming. Sometimes the terminology, whilst being technically correct, is nevertheless excessively esoteric; how many English-speaking veterinary schools will recognize acropodium for digit and basipodium for tarsus and carpus? In a few othcr instances the translation really needed a more formal anatomical interpretation: for exampl...

Patterns of arterial vascularization in swine hearts

“…Montané & Bourdelle (1920), Koch (1965), Schwarze & Schroder (1972), Sisson & Grossman (1975) and Schummer et al (1981) provided similar general descriptions that had been reported previously by other studies but contained no novel information, like the results observed in the present study, as they simply affirmed that the coronary arteries branch into the corresponding ramus circumflexus and interventricularis without registering any variation pertaining to these vessels.…”

Anatomy: Macroanatomic investigations of the blood supply of thoracic limb of Kangal dogs

“…It gives off external thoracic, deltoid branch, lateral thoracic, and subscapular arteries and courses distally as the brachial artery (2,4,5,11). Although Ghoshal (5) has reported that the deltoid branch arises from the external thoracic artery, according to Evans and Christensen (4) the deltoid branch either originates from the superficial cervical artery or from the internal thoracic artery.…”

Functional morphology of venous structures associated with the male and female reproductive systems in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)†

“…The superficial thoracocaudal plexuses in the manatee are similar in position and extent to the dorsal-most superficial branches of the deep circumflex iliac veins found in terrestrial mammals (Evans, 1993;Schummer et al, 1981; Fig. 5A).…”

“…The ovaries, uterine tubes, and distal uterine horns are located in the hypogastric fossae of female manatees. Thus, the inguinal venous plexuses have the potential to help thermoregulate In the typical terrestrial mammal, such as the dog illustrated at the top, the superficial branches of the deep circumflex iliac vein drain the flank and coalesce into one or more veins that penetrate the body wall and join the vena cava (after Evans, 1993;Schummer et al, 1981). Veins from the hind limb follow the bones of the leg and join the vena cava at the proximal end of the limb.…”