The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map

Walker, Donald A.; Raynolds, Martha K.; Daniëls, Fred J.A.; Einarsson, Eyþór; Elvebakk, Arve; Gould, William A.; Katenin, A. E.; Kholod, S. S.; Markon, Carl J.; Melnikov, E. S.; Москаленко, Н. Г.; Talbot, Stephen S.; Yurtsev, B. A.

doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2005)016[0267:tcavm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 360 publications

(669 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Eurasian tundra zone (by the example of zone Е, Walker et al 2005) is subdivided into seven longitudinal sectors (each of them – 100,000 km 2 on mean). For instance, continentality index of Fennoscandia is 23, whereas it increases twice in continental Yakutia, up to 48 (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

Shiryaev

2017

Mycology

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The study deals with certain variations of the diversity level of clavarioid funga in the 33 localities (100 km2 each) inside seven longitudinal sectors (100,000 km2) situated along the gradient of the climatic continentality of the Eurasian tundra zone. As continentality increases, from the maritime climate of Fennoscandia to the continental climate of Yakutia, α-diversity and γ-diversity decrease considerably. On the other side, spatial turnover of species, or β-diversity, grows in the direction of continental areas. This paper uses the following methods to assess the spatial turnover: Whittaker’s index and mean Jaccard similarity index, as well as by several other parameters. In addition, our data show that the genus Typhula is richest in the tundra, and its share in the structure of the clavarioid funga grows as the studied area decreases, as well as when the environmental conditions become more severe (continentality of the climate). Also, the paper discusses the issue of newly emerging taiga fungi species in the European Arctic, which is connected with climatic warming followed by ″greening″ of the tundra. Note that in the cryo-semiarid continental climate of Yakutia, where climatic changes are just as pronounced, no new taxons have been discovered so far.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

Shiryaev

2017

Mycology

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“…1) representing ten types of tundra (Table 1) modified based on Kuc (1998) and Szymański et al (2013). According to Walker et al (2005), Svalbard belongs to a bioclimatc subzone of the Arctic, and this part of Spitsbergen is classified as a physiognomic category of sedge/grass moss wetland. We collected vascular plants: Cerastium arcticum, Cochlearia groenlandica, Poa alpina, Salix polaris, and Saxifraga oppositifolia; mosses: Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Sanionia uncinata, Straminergon stramineum, Tetraplodon mnioides, and Warnstorfia sarmentosa; lichens: Flavocetraria nivalis, Cetrariella delisei, and Cladonia rangiferina; algae: Prasiola crispa; and the biological soil crust (BSC).…”

Section: Sampling Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in some dominant vascular plants, mosses, lichens, algae, and the biological soil crust in various types of terrestrial tundra, SW Spitsbergen, Norway

Wojtuń¹,

Samecka-Cymerman²,

Kolon³

et al. 2013

Polar Biol

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Arctic environments are commonly considered to be relatively pristine because of minimal local human activity. However, these areas receive air pollution from lower latitude regions. Our goal was to determine concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in dominant species of vascular plants, mosses, lichens, algae, and in the biological soil crust (BSC), and topsoil (0-3 cm) from various types of tundra in the southwestern part of Spitsbergen, Norway. Results indicate that mosses are more efficient bioaccumulators of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn than lichens. The highest levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb were found in the BSC, and the moss species Racomitrium lanuginosum, Sanionia uncinata, and Straminergon stramineum from the polygonal tundra, initial cyanobacteria-moss wet tundra, snow bed cyanobacteria-moss tundra, and flow water moss tundra alimented by melting ice or snow. The observed higher concentrations of Cu and lower concentrations of Hg in mosses, lichens, and vascular plants compared with values observed 20 years earlier were apparently associated with changes in the atmospheric deposition of contaminants over Spitsbergen due to changes in the long-distance transport of anthropogenic emissions from industrialized areas. Prasiola crispa and Salix polaris may be useful bioindicators of Cd and Zn, and the BSC, R. lanuginosum, S. uncinata, and S. stramineum as bioindicators of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb. These results may be extrapolated across other areas of Spitsbergen with similar climates.

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“…Place names mentioned in the text include: K e Kotzebue, N e Nome, F e Fairbanks; SP e Seward Peninsula, AKNS e Alaska Northslope; YM e York Mountains, KM e Kigluaik Mountains, BM e Bendeleben Mountains, DM e Darby Mountains; 1 e Whitefish Maar, 2 e Devil Mountain Maar, 3 e North and South Killeak maars, 4 e Imuruk Lake, 5 e Squirrel Lake, 6 e Burial Lake, 7 e Isabella Basin, 8 e Harding Lake, 9 e Ahaliorak Lake, 10 e St. Paul Island. Modern treeline is marked by dashed black line in both maps (from Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map, Walker et al, 2005).…”

Section: Pingomentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary environmental and landscape dynamics revealed by a pingo sequence on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Wetterich

Grosse

Schirrmeister

et al. 2012

Quaternary Science Reviews

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a b s t r a c tA terrestrial sediment sequence exposed in an eroding pingo provides insights into the late-Quaternary environmental history of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. We have obtained the first radiocarbondated evidence for a mid-Wisconsin thermokarst lake, demonstrating that complex landscape dynamics involving cyclic permafrost aggradation and thermokarst lake formation occurred over stadiale interstadial as well as glacialeinterglacial time periods. High values of Picea pollen and the presence of Larix pollen in sediments dated to 50e40 ka BP strongly suggest the presence of forest or woodland early in MIS 3; the trees grew within a vegetation matrix dominated by grass and sedge, and there is indirect evidence of grazing animals. Thus the interstadial ecosystem was different in structure and composition from the Holocene or from the preceding Last Interglacial period. An early Holocene warm period is indicated by renewed thermokarst lake formation and a range of fossil taxa. Multiple extralimital plant taxa suggest mean July temperatures above modern values. The local presence of spruce during the early Holocene warm interval is evident from a radiocarbon-dated spruce macrofossil remain and indicates significant range extension far beyond the modern tree line. The first direct evidence of spruce in Northwest Alaska during the early Holocene has implications for the presence of forest refugia in Central Beringia and previously assumed routes and timing of post-glacial forest expansion in Alaska.

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The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map

Cited by 360 publications

References 23 publications

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

Longitudinal changes of clavarioid funga (Basidiomycota) diversity in the tundra zone of Eurasia

Metals in some dominant vascular plants, mosses, lichens, algae, and the biological soil crust in various types of terrestrial tundra, SW Spitsbergen, Norway

Late Quaternary environmental and landscape dynamics revealed by a pingo sequence on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska

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