The civilian target in Sierra Leone and Liberia: Political power, military strategy, and humanitarian intervention

Hoffman, Danny

doi:10.1093/afraf/adh025

Cited by 83 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…In particular, we point to somewhat surprising similarities in how people in different parts of the world express notions of entrepreneurship. The idea of jugād, which might be simply defined as "shrewd improvisation," is similar to many other idioms of entrepreneurship current in Africa, Latin America, and the West, such as the term dubraigem, which Vigh (2006) observed as being widespread in GuineaBisseau, the idea of "dregging" in Sierre Leone (see Hoffman 2004), notions of "hustle" in Sudan (Roitman 2004), jeitinho in Brazil (Duarte 2006), and the practice of kukiya-kiya in Zimbabwe (Jones 2010). What ties these various notions of improvised entrepreneurship together is their tendency to connote adaptability in difficult circumstances, pragmatism, and the assembly or arranging of different materials.…”

Section: Enterprise Culturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Jugād: Youth and Enterprise in India

Jeffrey

Young

2013

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Section: Enterprise Culturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Jugād: Youth and Enterprise in India

Jeffrey

Young

2013

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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“…This has been done in Libya (e.g., Handicap International 2012;International Medical Corps 2012). Stories such as these can: motivate potential donors (Berghs 2011); maintain current donors (Hoffman 2004); justify preventative programs such as landmine clearance and awareness (UNSMIL 2013a(UNSMIL , 2014a; and make visible people with disability who would otherwise have no voice in the public arena (Berghs 2011). On the negative side, tragedy stories are mostly about individuals, their unique circumstances, their deficits and problems needing charity or provider-led change.…”

Section: Acquisition Context Matters: Combat Versus Non-combat Disabimentioning

confidence: 99%

People with Disability in Libya are a Medicalised Minority: Findings of a Scoping Review

Cusick¹,

Sahly²

2018

Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research

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This study used a scoping review methodology to identify, collate and summarise published literature relating to people with disability in Libya. Most sources came from peak international agencies, some from humanitarian agency media releases, a few were Libyan government reports and very little from scholarly journals. Four themes summarize findings and provide a means to examine assumptions regarding people with disability in Libya: (1) scant data and information gaps are the norm; (2) disability is a medical problem to be managed; (3) acquisition context matters: conflict versus non-conflict disability; and (4) disability human rights -social model on paper but not yet in practice. Findings reveal gaps in knowledge, promising signs of change and areas for action. People with disability in Libya need: a stable and secure community; visibility in reporting, planning and evaluation of services that are inclusive in design and delivery; and measures, technical definitions and socio-cultural understandings of disability that value function, activity and participation in everyday life as much as medical conditions, impairments and expert treatment. These actions will help provide people with disability in Libya an opportunity to actively contribute in rebuilding their communities in a post-conflict future.

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“…The war economy literature further examines the role of international aid in sustaining conflict (Anderson, 1999;de Waal, 1997;Duffield, 1994;Hoffman, 2004;Jean, 1996;Polman, 2011). While aid could reduce the need for the use of violence to extract resources from the local economy, most authors have considerable reservations regarding the impact of aid.…”

Section: Literature On War Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

War and famine, peace and light? The economic dynamics of conflict in Somalia 1993–2009

Shortland

Christopoulou

Makatsoris

2013

Journal of Peace Research

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The literature on war economies argues that prolonged civil wars have an economic logic: certain groups may obtain material gains from committing acts of violence and hence resist peacebuilding efforts. Objective tests of these predictions have so far been limited, as corruption and conflict prevent the collection of reliable economic data on the ground. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Science techniques enable us to overcome these problems of terrestrial data collection. Electricity consumption manifested as night-time light emissions recorded in satellite images is proposed as a proxy for changes in disposable income in Somalia's cities. The nightlight images provide striking illustrations of economic decline and recovery and clearly show the contrast between the stable regions of Northern Somalia and the chaos and anarchy of Southern Somalia. Based on geospatial analyses of settlement patterns in Somali cities, we argue that specific metrics of light output can be used to proxy for the incomes of different social groups. We use geo-coded conflict event data to analyze the economic impact of conflict on local light output and therefore incomes. We find a significant peace dividend for poorer households located at the margins of cities, which benefit both from local stability and more peaceful conditions in the country as a whole. By contrast, the central business districts are relatively well insulated from the effects of local conflict, and violence in Mogadishu has positive effects on light output from cities where humanitarian aid agencies are located. Future peace initiatives need to confront these economic incentives for continued conflict and state failure in Somalia.

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The civilian target in Sierra Leone and Liberia: Political power, military strategy, and humanitarian intervention

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Jugād: Youth and Enterprise in India

Jugād: Youth and Enterprise in India

People with Disability in Libya are a Medicalised Minority: Findings of a Scoping Review

War and famine, peace and light? The economic dynamics of conflict in Somalia 1993–2009

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