The Classification of Smoking by Factorial Structure of Motives

Russell, Michael A.; Peto, Julian; Patel, Unnati

doi:10.2307/2344953

Cited by 323 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

223

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Importantly, alpha suppression correlated with measures of product satisfaction and psychological reward, not aversion, supporting the notion that one of the primary reasons that tobacco products are used (and liked) is due to their ability to influence executive function. [8][9][10][11] The current results reinforce the importance of assessing electrophysiological measures of executive function when testing the consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products. A traditional analysis of consumer acceptability using subjective measures revealed no significant differences across products for reducing smoking urges (mQSU-brief) or satisfaction (mCES).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…For example, it has previously been demonstrated that the ability of a tobacco product to alter executive function, such as attention/arousal (also referred to as "cognitive control"), is directly related to product use. [8][9][10][11] That is, one of the hallmarks of a tobacco product that is deemed "acceptable" to consumers is the ability of the product to enhance executive control. However, direct measures of executive control are not typically employed when assessing the consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EEG can measure specific cognitive processes, such as attention and arousal, which have been linked to tobacco use and abuse. [8][9][10][11] When EEG is recorded during a target detection task, target detection is typically associated with two event-related potential (ERP) components: the N2 and P3b components. In visual tasks, N2 is believed to reflect the allocation of attention toward sensory information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it's well established that EEG alpha band power (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Hz) is negatively correlated with arousal levels. 16,17 Given that one of the most commonly reported reasons individuals use tobacco is to improve attention and arousal, [8][9][10][11] assessing N2, P3b, and alpha suppression before and after product usage may prove useful in objectively identifying which tobacco products elicit a preferential response. In line with this notion, previous research has shown that traditional cigarettes, or nicotine alone, can enhance alpha suppression, 18-21 N2, 22 and P3b amplitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary aim of the present investigation was to explore the viability of using a combination of subjective and electrophysiological measures as tools to separate smokeless products based on their consumer acceptability. Whereas subjective measures were used to assess known cognitive constructs related to consumer acceptability, electrophysiology was used to objectively quantify changes in arousal/attention which have been linked to product use, [8][9][10][11] but that are not typically assessed. Given that attention/arousal is related to product liking, we would expect the electrophysiological and subjective measures to be partially correlated with one another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Buzzell

Das

Cruz‐Cano

et al. 2016

NICTOB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Adequate evaluation of novel tobacco products must include investigation of consumers' psychological response to such products. Traditionally, subjective scales of product liking have been used to assess consumer acceptability of tobacco products. However, subjective scales may miss cognitive changes that can only be captured by direct neurophysiological assessment. The present investigation explored the viability of using electroencephalography (EEG), in combination with traditional subjective measures, to assess consumer acceptability of five smokeless tobacco products. Given previous work linking product liking to arousal/attentional (executive function) enhancement, we focused on EEG measures of attention/arousal to objectively characterize cognitive changes associated with tobacco product use. Methods: During five separate laboratory visits, smokeless tobacco users used Verve discs, Ariva dissolvables, Skoal snuff, Camel snus, or Nicorette lozenges. The N2 and P3b event-related potential components elicited by an oddball task were used to index attentional changes before/after product usage. Additionally, resting state alpha band EEG activity was analyzed before/after product usage to index cortical arousal. Results: Although analyses of the subjective results provided limited inference, analyses of the electrophysiological measures, particularly the alpha suppression measure, revealed robust differences between products. Skoal elicited significantly enhanced alpha suppression compared to all four other products tested. Additionally, alpha suppression was found to correlate positively with subjective measures of satisfaction and psychological reward, but was unrelated to perceived aversion. Conclusions:The present results provide evidence that electrophysiological measures can yield important insights into consumer acceptability of novel tobacco products and are a valuable complement to subjective measures. Implications: This study is the first to employ a combination of electrophysiological measures and traditional subjective assays in order to assess the consumer acceptability of smokeless tobacco products. The results highlight the importance of adopting a multidimensional/multi-method approach to studying the consumer acceptability of tobacco products.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Buzzell

Das

Cruz‐Cano

et al. 2016

NICTOB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nicotine Gum to Help Stop Smoking

Hughes¹

1984

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A nicotine gum has been approved as a prescription drug to help smokers stop smoking. This article reviews the rationale, pharmacology, efficacy, adverse effects, and method of use of the gum. Several randomized trials, including double-blind placebo-controlled studies, indicate nicotine gum improves long-term quit rates. The efficacy of the gum seems to be due to its ability to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Successful use of the gum depends on appropriate instructions, expectancies, and adjunct therapies. How effective the gum will be when used in general medical practice, to whom it is best to prescribe the gum, and what proportion of smokers will become dependent on the gum are still unclear.

show abstract

Nicotine vs Placebo Gum in General Medical Practice

Hughes

Gust²,

Keenan³

et al. 1989

JAMA

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three hundred fifteen smokers who attended a family practice clinic and wished to quit smoking were assigned in a random, double-blind manner to receive either nicotine (2 mg) or placebo gum. Smokers initially received brief advice from a physician and nurse, a slide presentation and written materials (29 to 35 minutes), and a single follow-up visit (12 to 20 minutes) one week after cessation. After corrections for marital status and income, 10% of those who received nicotine gum and 7% of those who received placebo gum reported continuous abstinence for 11 months and passed observer and biochemical verification (this difference was not statistically significant). We conclude that, when used in a nonselected group of smokers along with a brief intervention in a general medical practice, the pharmacologic effects of nicotine gum to increase cessation are either small or nonexistent.

show abstract

The Classification of Smoking by Factorial Structure of Motives

Cited by 323 publications

References 12 publications

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Using Electrophysiological Measures to Assess the Consumer Acceptability of Smokeless Tobacco Products

Nicotine Gum to Help Stop Smoking

Nicotine vs Placebo Gum in General Medical Practice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About