The clinical alteration of covert thoughts: A critical review

Heppner, P. Paul

doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80003-3

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…As Turner, Hersen, and Bellack (1977) noted: "Despite the general ability of antipsychotic medications to control hallucinatory behavior, a small percentage ofpsychotic patients remain refractory to drugs as well as other methods of treatment" (p. 249). (Recent reviews of this problem include Gomes-Schwartz, 1979;Heppner, 1978;Paul, 1969. ) Several aspects of hallucinatory behavior, including its privacy, make this disorder both difficult and important to study.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Verbal Behavior Analysis of Auditory Hallucinations

1983

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A review of recent research on the non-medical control of auditory hallucinations is presented. It is suggested that the decreases in hallucinatory behavior obtained in studies using aversive contingencies may be attributable to the disruption of the chains of behavior involved. The results of several additional studies are interpreted as indicating that methods of stimulus control and the use of incompatible behaviors may be effective in reducing the rate of auditory hallucinations. Research relating auditory hallucinations to subvocalizations is presented in support of the view that hallucinatory phenomena are sometimes related to the subject's own vocal productions. Skinner's views (1934, 1936, 1953, 1957, 1980) are then presented as possible explanations of some hallucinatory behavior. It is suggested that some auditory hallucinations consit of the mishearing of environmental and physiological stimuli as voices in a fashion similar to that which Skinner observed in his work with the verbal summator. The maintenance of long chains of such responses may be largely attributable to self-intraverbal influences (such as are present during automatic writing). With some auditory hallucinations, this progression involves first mishearing ambiguous stimuli as voices and then attributing the voices to some cause (e.g., insanity, the television, radio, or God). Later, the frequent and ongoing chains of such behavior may contaminate other verbal responses. Such verbal behavior may be parasitic on "normal verbal behavior" (and hence, not directly dependent on consquences for maintenance), may be cued by various stimuli (including respiration), and may interfere with other covert and overt behavior. Several studies to investigate this view are presented. It is hoped that such research will lead to a better understanding of the major issues involved in the etiology and treatment of auditory hallucinations in particular and perhaps of psychosis in general.

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confidence: 99%

A Verbal Behavior Analysis of Auditory Hallucinations

1983

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“…Investigators hope that such procedures will improve upon the standard treatments of fl ooding and response prevention by in cluding associated problems such as depression and interpersonal difficul ties, as well as eliminating the primary symptoms (Heppner 1978, Foa & Steketee 1979.…”

Section: Ne Urosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Psychology: Individual Methods

Phillips¹,

Bierman²

1981

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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“…But if behaviour therapy's main cognitive weapons are these two techniques, then it is not going to set the world alight. Thought stopping has never been adequately evaluated (Heppner 1978) and the rationale for its supposed effectiveness is curiously naive. Despite many evaluations of covert conditioning methods, evidence for their effectiveness has been "relatively modest" (Mahoney and Arnkoff, 1978) and their conceptual basis in conditioning theory is tenuous at best (Kazdin and Smith 1979).…”

Section: Myth 1 Behaviour Therapy Is Already Cognitivementioning

confidence: 99%

Some myths about cognitive-behaviour modification

Marzillier

1980

Behav. Psychother.

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The integration of cognitive processes and behaviour change methods, generically known as cognitive-behaviour modification, has sparked off a series of heated arguments about the status of this hybrid (Greenspoon and Lamal, 1978; Ledwidge, 1978; 1979 (a); (b); Mahoney, 1974; 1977; Mahoney and Kazdin 1979; Meichenbaum 1977; 1979; Rachlin, 1977(a); (b); Wolpe, 1976; 1978). At the considerable risk of adding fuel to an already inflamed debate, I have drawn up a list of myths which the opposition to cognitive-behaviour modification has promulgated. Myths are, of course, a potent source of influence, and I am not at all sanguine that labelling the lines of opposition to cognitive-behaviour modification as ‘myths’ will change peoples' cognitions or behaviour. Nevertheless, in the interests of academic debate, and indeed in the pursuit of truth,* I have listed what seem to me to be the essential fallacies in the arguments against the cognitive-behavioural movement.

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The clinical alteration of covert thoughts: A critical review

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

A Verbal Behavior Analysis of Auditory Hallucinations

A Verbal Behavior Analysis of Auditory Hallucinations

Clinical Psychology: Individual Methods

Some myths about cognitive-behaviour modification

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