The clinical application of a urine albumin:creatinine ratio point-of-care device

Croal, Bernard; Mutch, William James; Bj, Clark; Dickie, A.; Church, Jody; Noble, David W.; Ross, Iain

doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00450-8

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Thus, in diabetic patients, it is important to measure and monitor excretion of urine albumin, as a predictive clinical marker of chronic renal complications, for preventing overt diabetic nephropathy [2223]. Measuring excretion of albumin in 24 hours collected urine sample is the standard method [24], although a substitute way is measuring excretion of albumin and creatinine in single spot urine sample [2526]. Ratio of albumin and creatinine excretion was accepted as a reliable screening method for selecting study population in many trials [2527].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalent Rate of Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Event in Korean Type 2 Diabetes

Lee

et al. 2016

Endocrinol Metab

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BackgroundNonalbuminuric renal insufficiency is a unique category of diabetic kidney diseases. The objectives of the study were to evaluate prevalent rate of nonalbuminuric renal insufficiency and to investigate its relationship with previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) event in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsLaboratory and clinical data of 1,067 subjects with T2DM were obtained and reviewed. Study subjects were allocated into four subgroups according to the CKD classification. Major CVD events were included with coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular events.ResultsNonalbuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group, when compared with albuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group, had shorter diabetic duration, lower concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lower prevalent rates of retinopathy and previous CVD, and higher rate of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers. Nonalbuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group showed a greater association with prior CVD events than no CKD group; however, albuminuric stage ≥3 CKD group made addition to increase prevalence of prior CVD events significantly when CKD categories were applied as covariates. Association of prior CVD events, when compared with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and nonalbuminuria categories, became significant for declined eGFR, which was higher for eGFR of <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and albuminuria.ConclusionThe results show that subjects with nonalbuminuric stage ≥3 CKD is significantly interrelated with occurrence of prior CVD events than those with normal eGFR with or without albuminuria. Comparing with normal eGFR and nonalbuminuria categories, the combination of increased degree of albuminuria and declined eGFR is becoming significant for the association of prior CVD events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalent Rate of Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Event in Korean Type 2 Diabetes

Lee

et al. 2016

Endocrinol Metab

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“…3,7 Final confirmation of the diagnosis can be done by histology and immunohistochemistry of samples as obtained by fine needle biopsy of hepatic or nonhepatic lesions. 4,5 In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis has been shown to be very useful. 5 Similar to other wild animals, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) may show symptoms only in advanced stages of the disease.…”

Section: Abstract: Cynomolgus Monkeys; Echinococcus Multilocularis; mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis has been shown to be very useful. 5 Similar to other wild animals, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) may show symptoms only in advanced stages of the disease. Consequently, the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis is often made postmortem, on the basis of distinctive macroscopic and histological findings.…”

Section: Abstract: Cynomolgus Monkeys; Echinococcus Multilocularis; mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No interference by hemoglobin (up to 500 mg/dl added) and glucose (up to 3,000 mg/dl added) was detected. Previous studies 5,7,11 demonstrated that microalbuminuria is an early indicator of progressive renal disease in humans affected by diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Overt albuminuria is a hallmark of glomerular involvement in many autoimmune, neoplastic, and septic diseases.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Validation of a Human Immunoturbidimetric Assay to Measure Canine Albumin in Urine and Cerebrospinal Fluid

et al. 2005

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The aim of this study was to validate an automated immunoturbidimetric assay used to quantify human albumin in urine and to accurately measure canine albumin concentrations in both urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The partial homology existing between human and canine albumin limited the accuracy of the human assays in measuring canine albumin without method modifications. Thus, the assay was modified by calibrating the analyzer with calibrators made in the laboratory containing known concentrations of canine albumin. To prepare the set of calibrators, the albumin concentration of pooled sera of healthy dogs was assessed in 5 replicates using the BromocresolGreen assay. Pooled samples were aliquoted and serially diluted to obtain the expected concentrations of albumin (0.5, 1, 5, 13, and 30 mg/dl) for establishing the canine calibration curve. Thereafter, the performance was assessed by analyzing canine urine and CSF The modified assay accurately quantified canine albumin in both specimens, as indicated by the following. Intra- and interassay variability was 0.92% and 2.74%, respectively; recovery was 99.66% and 99.07% in urine and 105.02% in CSF No interference was detected when hemolysate and glucose were added to urine. The test was linear within the verified range (0-225 mg/dl). These results demonstrate that the modified human albumin immunoturbidimetric assay can be a useful tool in the veterinary diagnostic laboratory. It is accurate and tends itself to automatization on chemistry analyzers.

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“…Alternatively, MAU can be assessed using nontimed random spot urine sampling [10]. Spot sample-based tests are generally adjusted to creatininuria to take into account the variation in urinary flow rate and concentration and the test is considered positive for the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) of 30-300 mg albumin/g creatinine, corresponding to 3.4-33.9 mg albumin/mmol creatinine [11,12]. ACR can be measured either quantitatively or semiquantitatively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population of Seychelles and strong association with diabetes and hypertension independent of renal markers

Pruijm

Madeleine

Riesen

et al. 2008

Journal of Hypertension

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The clinical application of a urine albumin:creatinine ratio point-of-care device

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalent Rate of Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Event in Korean Type 2 Diabetes

Prevalent Rate of Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease Event in Korean Type 2 Diabetes

Validation of a Human Immunoturbidimetric Assay to Measure Canine Albumin in Urine and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population of Seychelles and strong association with diabetes and hypertension independent of renal markers

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