The clinical efficacy and safety of atropine combined with omeprazole in the treatment of patients with acute gastritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: To date, guidelines on the impact and value of atropine combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastritis have not been well established or well defined. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of combined atropine and omeprazole therapy for the management of patients with acute gastritis.Methods: Through searching the electronic database, the related literature of the combination of atropine with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastritis were reviewed. A meta-analysis was performed after literature selection according to inclusion criteria. The treatment efficiency and the incidence of adverse reactions were used as the main outcome indicators. The odds ratios (ORs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the two treatment regimens were analyzed.Results: This study analyzed 11 articles from the literature with a total of 1,053 subjects. The combination of atropine and omeprazole significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients with acute gastritis compared to patients treated with combined anisodamine and omeprazole (control group). The effective rate of combined atropine and omeprazole treatment was 1.21 times higher than that observed with the control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 0.41 times that of the control group. Atropine combined with omeprazole significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of the patients. The total treatment time was shortened by 0.57 days, duration of abdominal pain was shortened by 2.82 days, duration of diarrhea was reduced by 1.99 days, and the duration of nausea and vomiting was shortened by 2.68 days compared to the control group Discussion: The combination of atropine with omeprazole in the treatment of acute gastritis demonstrated a high effective rate with few adverse reactions than. It was effective at alleviating the clinical symptoms associated with acute gastritis. The results of this study provide support for the clinical implementation of combined atropine and omeprazole in the treatment of patients with acute gastritis.

A synergistic two-step optimization design enables high capacitive energy storage in lead-free Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

“…Notably, the charge-discharge performance of our designed ceramic in terms of the applied electric eld, P D and t 0.9 is superior to those of most studied dielectric ceramics. 4,17,41,48,56,[68][69][70][71] Moreover, as given in Fig. S17 and S18, † the achieved charge-discharge performance also possesses acceptable temperature stability (25-160 °C) and excellent fatigue endurance (1-5000) at 220 kV cm −1 , providing TSS-derived ceramic with great potential for future advanced pulsed-power applications.…”

“…S22 †) are also benecial for the signicantly boosted E b of the TSS engineered SBT-0.12BNN sample. 41,52,54,71,73 As a result, the decrease in grain size with a compact and dense microstructure and other optimized intrinsic and extrinsic factors originating from the TSS design should mainly account for the remarkable improvement of E b and ultrahigh H v .…”

“…34 Although the ESP has been improved signicantly through unremitting efforts, it is still poor (W rec < 5.5 J cm −3 and h < 95%) in SBT-related ceramics, which considerably limits the practical applications urgently requiring high W rec and h simultaneously. The insufficient E b (<350 kV cm −1 ) and sacri-ced P m were the main reason for unsatised ESP, giving rise to the difficulty for SBT-based materials to compete with potential systems including (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 (BNT), 6,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] NaNbO 3 (NN), 4,[42][43][44] BiFeO 3 (BF), 2,7,16 BaTiO 3 (BT), 3,45-48 K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 (KNN), 49,50 and AgNbO 3 (AN) [51][52][53] in the eld of energy storage. Except domain engineering, the optimization of the sintering process for the improvement of sample quality is also an important way to enhance the ESP of dielectric ceramics, 18,54 which directly affects the mechanical properties.…”

Polarization Rotation Control Domain Dynamic Response Modulates Piezoelectric Properties of Lead‐Free Thin Films

“…The high temperature region T m represents the transition from R PNRs to T PNRs. [ 32,54 ] The relaxation degree of thin films is roughly calculated by modified Curie–Weiss law [ 55 ] $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\ln \left( {\frac{1}{{{\varepsilon _r}}} - \frac{1}{{{\varepsilon _m}}}} \right) + \ln C = \gamma \ln \left( {T - {T_m}} \right)}\end{array} \]$$where C represents the Curie constant, γ represents the diffusion factor, and ε m and T m represent the maximum dielectric constant and the corresponding temperature in the dispersion region (25–200 °C), respectively. The (111)‐oriented thin films have a higher degree of relaxation behavior, which is closely related to their containing fewer oxygen vacancies, reduced domains pinning and rapid switching of domains.…”