The Clinical Significance of Candidal Casts

Gregory, Martin C.; Schumann, Gunter; Schumann, J; Argyle, J. Craig

doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(84)80069-4

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The diagnostic value of single amphotericin washout in candiduria to predict kidney infection or invasive candidiasis is low, as the positive predictive value is only 44% (95). Data from experiments in rabbits suggests that detection of renal Candida casts may be a useful diagnostic marker in distinguishing upper versus lower urinary tract candidiasis (178), but the frequency of this finding is unknown (16,106). One study suggests that the D-arabinitol/ creatinine ratio could be used to differentiate between Candida pyelonephritis and colonization (261).…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Candiduriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract

2010

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SUMMARYAll humans are colonized withCandidaspecies, mostlyCandida albicans, yet some develop diseases due toCandida, among which genitourinary manifestations are extremely common. The forms of genitourinary candidiasis are distinct from each other and affect different populations. While vulvovaginal candidiasis affects mostly healthy women, candiduria occurs typically in elderly, hospitalized, or immunocompromised patients and in neonates. Despite its high incidence and clinical relevance, genitourinary candidiasis is understudied, and therefore, important questions about pathogenesis and treatment guidelines remain to be resolved. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about genitourinary candidiasis.

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Section: Clinical Presentation Of Candiduriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract

2010

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“…Endoscopy reveals widespread characteristic lesions of the bladder mucosa. There is controversy concerning the diagnostic value of counts of yeast colonies recovered in the urine (47)(48)(49)(50). Invasive candidiasis may occur even in the presence of low numbers of yeast colonies in the urine.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Candidiasis and Hepatic Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidiasis

Meunier

1989

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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Candida spp. are the most common fungal pathogens isolated in immunocompromised hosts, particularly cancer patients. Numerous clinical manifestations of candidiasis have been recognized, including localized infection such as oropharyngeal candidiasis or focal hepatic candidiasis, and disseminated infection resulting from hematogenous spread, with or without documented fungemia. Granulocytopenic patients are particularly at risk. Candida albicans is isolated in approximately 40% of cases of fungemia, other Candida spp. now also commonly being isolated. The rate of morbidity and mortality secondary to candidiasis is still significant despite numerous attempts to develop better diagnostic techniques, and more effective means of chemoprophylaxis and therapy. Currently, new antifungal agents and galenic preparations of amphotericin B are being evaluated with the aim of improving the prognosis of candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts.

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“…While this is an effective treatment for complete bladder emptying, significant catheter related problems occur. These include urinary tract infections, bleeding, strictures, and stones, which pose a significant health risk to the individual and account for high costs of healthcare (Cardenas et al 2004; Gregory et al 1984; Singh et al 2011; Yilmaz et al 2014). Voiding of stools are managed by digital rectal stimulation with digital removal of stools, or with enemas, all of which are time consuming and greatly reduce the quality of life of affected individuals and caregivers (Hughes 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of Lys5, MeLeu9, Nle10-NKA(4–10) prokinetic effects on bladder and colon activity in acute spinal cord transected and spinally intact rats

Kullmann

Katofiasc

Thor

et al. 2016

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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Purpose To determine feasibility of a novel therapeutic approach to drug-induced voiding after spinal cord injury (SCI) using a well-characterized, peptide, neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2 receptor) agonist, Lys5, MeLeu9, Nle10-NKA(4–10) (LMN-NKA). Methods Cystometry and colorectal pressure measurements were performed in urethane anesthetized, intact and acutely spinalized, female rats. Bladder pressure and voiding were monitored in response to intravenous LMN-NKA given with the bladder filled to 70% capacity. Results LMN-NKA (0.1–300 µg/kg) produced dose dependent, rapid (< 60 s), short duration (< 15 min) increases in bladder pressure. In intact rats, doses above 0.3–1 µg/kg induced urine release (voiding efficiency of ~ 70% at ≥ 1 µg/kg). In spinalized rats, urine release required higher doses (≥ 10 µg/kg) and was less efficient (30–50%). LMN-NKA (0.1–100 µg/kg) also produced dose dependent increases in colorectal pressure. No tachyphylaxis was observed, and the responses were blocked by an NK2 receptor antagonist (GR159897, 1 mg/kg i.v.). No obvious cardiorespiratory effects were noted. Conclusions These results suggest that rapid-onset, short duration, drug-induced voiding is possible in acute spinal and intact rats with intravenous administration of an NK2 receptor agonist. Future challenges remain in regards to finding alternative routes of administration that produce clinically significant voiding, multiple times per day, in animal models of chronic SCI.

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The Clinical Significance of Candidal Casts

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract

Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract

Candidiasis

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of Lys5, MeLeu9, Nle10-NKA(4–10) prokinetic effects on bladder and colon activity in acute spinal cord transected and spinally intact rats

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