THE CLUSTER AND FIELD GALAXY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FRACTION AT<i>z</i>= 1-1.5: EVIDENCE FOR A REVERSAL OF THE LOCAL ANTICORRELATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND AGN FRACTION

Martini, Paul; Miller, Eric D.; Brodwin, M.; Stanford, S. A.; Gonzalez, Anthony H.; Bautz, M. W.; Hickox, R. C.; Stern, Daniel; Eisenhardt, Peter; Galametz, A.; Norman, Dara; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Dey, Arjun; Murray, S. S.; Jones, C.; Brown, M. J. I.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/768/1/1

Cited by 152 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…The resulting mean contamination of AGN per cluster is (1 + z) 3.3 × 6.6 × 10 42 erg s −1 in the rest-frame 0.5-2 keV band, which has to be rescaled up self-consistently using cluster K-correction factors of ∼ 1.5. This model is in a very good agreement with the results of Martini et al (2013), who measured AGN activity in 1 < z < 1.5 clusters at an average level of 10 44 erg s −1 in the 0.5-8 keV band. In our highest redshift bin, the model predicts an AGN contribution of 4.7 × 10 43 erg s −1 , which, on average, is still a subdominant contribution to the observed flux.…”

Section: A P P E N D I X C : M O D E L I N G T H E S E L E C T I O N supporting

confidence: 91%

SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV

Clerc

Merloni

Zhang

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

105

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SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a programme dedicated to the homogeneous and complete spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray active galactic nuclei and galaxy clusters over a large area (∼7500 deg 2 ) of the extragalactic sky. SPIDERS is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV project, together with the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and the Time-Domain Spectroscopic Survey. This paper describes the largest project within SPIDERS before the launch of eROSITA: an optical spectroscopic survey of X-ray-selected, massive (∼10 14 -10 15 M ) galaxy clusters discovered in ROSAT and XMMNewton imaging. The immediate aim is to determine precise ( z ∼ 0.001) redshifts for 4000-5000 of these systems out to z ∼ 0.6. The scientific goal of the program is precision cosmology, using clusters as probes of large-scale structure in the expanding Universe. We present the cluster samples, target selection algorithms and observation strategies. We demonstrate the efficiency of selecting targets using a combination of SDSS imaging data, a robust red-sequence finder and a dedicated prioritization scheme. We describe a set of algorithms and workflow developed to collate spectra and assign cluster membership, and to deliver catalogues of spectroscopically confirmed clusters. We discuss the relevance of line-of-sight velocity dispersion estimators for the richer systems. We illustrate our techniques by constructing a catalogue of 230 spectroscopically validated clusters (0.031 < z < 0.658), found in pilot observations. We discuss two potential science applications of the SPIDERS sample: the study of the X-ray luminosity-velocity dispersion (L X -σ ) relation and the building of stacked phase-space diagrams.

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Section: A P P E N D I X C : M O D E L I N G T H E S E L E C T I O N supporting

confidence: 91%

SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV

Clerc

Merloni

Zhang

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

105

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“…Accounting for AGN detected using multiple diagnostics, AGN are found in 181 unique galaxies in the full SPIRE sample. This corresponds an AGN rate of 10.3 ± 0.8% in the full SPIRE sample, a value broadly similar to preliminary studies investigating the prevalence of AGN in sub-mm-selected samples at similar redshifts (e.g., Pope et al 2008;Serjeant et al 2010) and one which only slightly exceeds the detection rates of AGN in surveys of optically-selected galaxies at a variety of different redshifts (e.g., Kauffmann et al 2003;Martini et al 2009Martini et al , 2013Montero-Dorta et al 2009;Sarajedini et al 2011;Klesman et al 2012). While this comparison suggests that the presence of a starburst in a galaxy does not increase the chances that its nucleus will be undergoing a powerful active phase, these comparisons are subject to a slew of observational and selection biases.…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Agn In Starbursting Galaxiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Hidden starbursts and active galactic nuclei at 0 < z < 4 from theHerschel-VVDS-CFHTLS-D1 field: Inferences on coevolution and feedback

Lemaux

Floc’h

Fèvre

et al. 2014

A&A

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We investigate of the properties of ∼2000 Herschel/SPIRE far-infrared-selected galaxies from 0 < z < 4 in the CFHTLS-D1 field. Using a combination of extensive spectroscopy from the VVDS and ORELSE surveys, deep multiwavelength imaging from CFHT, VLA, Spitzer, XMM-Newton, and Herschel, and well-calibrated spectral energy distribution fitting, Herschel-bright galaxies are compared to optically-selected galaxies at a variety of redshifts. Herschel-selected galaxies are observed to span a range of stellar masses, colors, and absolute magnitudes equivalent to galaxies undetected in SPIRE. Though many Herschel galaxies appear to be in transition, such galaxies are largely consistent with normal star-forming galaxies when rest-frame colors are utilized. The nature of the star-forming "main sequence" is studied and we warn against adopting this framework unless the main sequence is determined precisely. Herschel galaxies at different total infrared luminosities (L TIR ) are compared. Bluer optical colors, larger nebular extinctions, and larger contributions from younger stellar populations are observed for galaxies with larger L TIR , suggesting that low-L TIR galaxies are undergoing rejuvenated starbursts while galaxies with higher L TIR are forming a larger percentage of their stellar mass. A variety of methods are used to select powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN). Galaxies hosting all types of AGN are observed to be undergoing starbursts more commonly and vigorously than a matched sample of galaxies without powerful AGN and, additionally, the fraction of galaxies with an AGN increases with increasing star formation rate at all redshifts. At all redshifts (0 < z < 4) the most prodigious star-forming galaxies are found to contain the highest fraction of powerful AGN. For redshift bins that allow a comparison (z > 0.5), the highest L TIR galaxies in a given redshift bin are unobserved by SPIRE at subsequently lower redshifts, a trend linked to downsizing. In conjunction with other results, this evidence is used to argue for prevalent AGN-driven quenching in starburst galaxies across cosmic time.

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“…More importantly, after having complete spectroscopy for their X-ray point source sample, Haines et al (2012) argue that X-ray AGN found in massive clusters are an infalling population, which is "extinguished" later, and confirm the suppression in rich clusters. On the other hand, Martini et al (2013) argue that this trend is not confirmed for a sample of high-redshift clusters (1.0 < z < 1.5), where the presence of luminous X-ray AGN (L (0.5−2 keV) > 10 43 erg/s) is consistent with the field. We note, however, that the high-redshift regime studied and the large AGN photometric redshift uncertainties (σ z = 0.12(1 + z), double that of normal galaxies) introduce some level of uncertainty to the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

X-ray AGN in the XMM-LSS galaxy clusters: no evidence of AGN suppression

Koulouridis

Plionis

Мelnyk

et al. 2014

A&A

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We present a study of the overdensity of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) in 33 galaxy clusters in the XMM-LSS field (The XMM-Newton Large Scale Structure Survey), up to redshift z = 1.05 and further divided into a lower (0.14 ≤ z ≤ 0.35) and a higher redshift (0.43 ≤ z ≤ 1.05) subsample. Previous studies have shown that the presence of X-ray-selected AGN in rich galaxy clusters is suppressed, since their number is significantly lower than what is expected from the high galaxy overdensities in the area. In the current study we have investigated the occurrence of X-ray-selected AGN in low ( L x , bol = 2.7 × 10 43 erg/s) and moderate ( L x , bol = 2.4 × 10 44 erg/s) X-ray luminosity galaxy clusters in an attempt to trace back the relation between high-density environments and nuclear activity. Owing to the wide contiguous XMM-LSS survey area, we were able to extend the study to the cluster outskirts. We therefore determined the projected overdensity of X-ray point-like sources around each cluster out to 6r 500 radius, within δr 500 = 1 annulus, with respect to the field expectations based on the X-ray source log N − log S of the XMM-LSS field. To provide robust statistical results we also conducted a consistent stacking analysis separately for the two z ranges. We investigated whether the observed X-ray overdensities are to be expected thanks to the obvious enhancement of galaxy numbers in the cluster environment by also estimating the corresponding optical galaxy overdensities, and we assessed the possible enhancement or suppression of AGN activity in clusters. We find a positive X-ray projected overdensity in both redshift ranges at the first radial bins, which however has the same amplitude as that of optical galaxies. Therefore, no suppression (or enhancement) of X-ray AGN activity with respect to the field is found, in sharp contrast to previous results based on rich galaxy clusters, implying that the mechanisms responsible for the suppression are not as effective in lower density environments. After a drop to roughly the background level between 2 and 3r 500 , the X-ray overdensity exhibits a rise at larger radii, significantly greater than the corresponding optical overdensity. The radial distance of this overdensity "bump", corresponding to ∼1.5−3 Mpc, depends on the richness of the clusters, as well as on the overall X-ray overdensity profile. Finally, using the redshift information, photometric or spectroscopic, of the optical counterparts, we derive the spatial overdensity profile of the clusters. We find that the agreement between X-ray and optical overdensities in the first radial bins is also suggested in the 3-dimensional analysis. However, we argue that the X-ray overdensity "bump" at larger radial distance is at least partially a result of flux boosting by gravitational lensing of background quasi-stellar objects, confirming previous results. For high-redshift clusters, the enhancement of X-ray AGN activity in their outskirts appears to be intrinsic. We argue that a spatial ana...

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THE CLUSTER AND FIELD GALAXY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FRACTION ATz= 1-1.5: EVIDENCE FOR A REVERSAL OF THE LOCAL ANTICORRELATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND AGN FRACTION

Cited by 152 publications

References 118 publications

SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV

SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV

Hidden starbursts and active galactic nuclei at 0 < z < 4 from theHerschel-VVDS-CFHTLS-D1 field: Inferences on coevolution and feedback

X-ray AGN in the XMM-LSS galaxy clusters: no evidence of AGN suppression

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