The Cognitive Structure of an Urban Shopping Center

Downs, Roger M.

doi:10.1177/001391657000200102

Cited by 133 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The increasing research evidence in the area also confirms this belief by demonstrating the significant influence of atmospheric factors in various commercial settings such as restaurants (Caldwell & Hibbert, 2002;Milliman, 1986), banks , supermarkets (Harrell, Hutt, & Anderson, 1980;Milliman, 1982), and malls (Downs, 1970;Eroglu & Harrell, 1986;Oppewal & Timmermans, 1999;Shim & Eastlick, 1998;Wakefield & Baker, 1998). Among the numerous aspects of the retail environment examined, two factors, music and crowding due to high density, have been shown to be particularly critical in influencing customer responses in both positive and negative ways (see, for example, Eroglu & Machleit, 1990;Hui & Bateson, 1991;Kellaris, Cox, & Cox, 1993;Machleit, Eroglu, & Mantel, 2000;Mach-leit, Kellaris, & Eroglu, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses

Eroğlu

Machleit

Chébat³

2005

Psychology and Marketing

125

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Research examining the effects of store environment on shoppers has found that a number of atmospheric cues have significant effects on shoppers' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. To date, retail atmospheric cues have been studied in isolation, instead of simultaneously, like they occur in the retail setting. This study examines the interactive effects of two atmospheric cues-retail density and music tempo-and their impact on shopper responses within a real shopping environment. Based on the schema incongruity model, it is found that shopper hedonic and utilitarian evaluations of the shopping experience are highest under conditions of slow music/high density and fast music/low density. Significant main effects of music tempo are found for behavioral responses such as approach/avoidance tendency and extent of browsing behavior. The results underscore the need to examine interactive effects of atmospheric cues to better understand the impact of the store environment on shoppers.

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mentioning

confidence: 67%

The interaction of retail density and music tempo: Effects on shopper responses

Eroğlu

Machleit

Chébat³

2005

Psychology and Marketing

125

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“…Though not the most important factor in determining consumer choice of retail destination, atmosphere and appearance of the immediate store environment may nevertheless contribute to the attractiveness of a store or shopping center. This is exemplified by Downs (1970), who proposed in his seminal paper that nine components constitute the image of urban downtown shopping centers. Among these nine, he distinguished four public space characteristics (structure and design, ease of internal movement and parking, visual appearance, and atmosphere).…”

Section: Conjoint Retail Studies and Shopping Center Attributesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modeling Consumer Perception of Public Space in Shopping Centers

Oppewal

Timmermans

1999

Environment and Behavior

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This article presents a study of the effects of various shopping center design and management attributes on consumer evaluations of the public space appearance (or atmosphere) in shopping centers. Examples of such attributes are level of maintenance, area for pedestrians, window displays, street layout, and street activities. A model is estimated from responses to experimentally controlled descriptions of hypothetical shopping centers. This conjoint analysis or stated preference-based model is compared with a similar regression model estimated from a cross section of perceptions of existing shopping centers. The conjoint and cross-sectional models are tested for their external validity on a holdout sample of respondents. It is concluded that both models perform equally well, but that the approach using hypothetical alternatives allows more detailed insight in the effects of the various shopping center attributes.

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“…Holahan and Dobrowolny (1978) used both cognitive and behavioral mapping strategies to examine the relationships between college students' daily activity patterns and their mental maps of urban areas. And, Hart and Moore's (1973) analysis of the development of spatial cognition linked the theories of Piaget (1963) and Werner (1948) with research on urban residents' cognitive maps conducted by geographers and urban planners (Downs, 1970;Lynch, 1960).…”

Section: Increasing Emphasis On Cross-paradigm Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%