The Collagenous Changes in the Intervertebral Disk with Age and Their Effect on Its Elasticity

Naylor, A.; Happey, F.; MacRae, T.P.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4887.570

Cited by 58 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although collagenous fibers are not normally extensible and tend to resist stretching [Naylor et al, 1954], sev eral investigators [Naylor et al, 1954;Smith, 1966;DePalma and Rothman. 1970;Inoue and Takeda, 1975;Hall, 1976] attribute the deformational and elastic characteristics of the anulus fibrosus to the cruciate (bi axial) orientation of collagenous fibers, and the niovement of these fibers, in a given lamella, relative to those in adjacent lamellae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Fibers in the Anulus fibrosus of the Dog Intervertebral Disc

Johnson¹,

Caldwell²,

Berryman

et al. 1984

Cells Tissues Organs

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A light microscopic investigation of the anulus fibrosus in cervical intervertebral discs of the dog was conducted to ascertain the arrangement and distribution of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers were observed in all lamellae of the anulus fibrosus. However, collagenous fibers were the predominant type of connective tissue fiber, and elastic fibers were randomly dispersed among them. Intralamellar (collagenous and elastic) fibers were vertically and obliquely oriented in both superficial and deep lamellae of the anulus fibrosus. All intralamellar fibers were densely and regularly arranged in superficial lamellae, but they were more loosely organized in deep lamellae. A narrow border of interlamellar, elastic fibers was observed between broader, contiguous lamellae in the superficial zone of the anulus fibrosus. Interlamellar elastic fibers were vertically and obliquely arranged in superficial lamellae; however, they were radially oriented in deep lamellae. The deepest lamella of the anulus fibrosus consisted of a loose, three-dimensional network of intermeshing collagenous and elastic fibers. These observations suggest that elastic fibers are integral components of the articular and shock absorption mechanisms of the anulus fibrosus, and the cervical intervertebral disc of the dog is a suitable model for experimental investigation of the role of elastic fibers in intervertebral disc herniation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Fibers in the Anulus fibrosus of the Dog Intervertebral Disc

Johnson¹,

Caldwell²,

Berryman

et al. 1984

Cells Tissues Organs

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show abstract

“…Elastic mechanism of the intervertebral disc. (Reproduced by courtesy of the British Medical Journal from Naylor, Happey and MacRae (12). )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…*Tables – are reproduced by courtesy of the British Medical Journal from Naylor, Happey and MacRae (12). …”

Section: Relation To Disc Prolapse and Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the Human Intervertebral Disc With Age: A Biophysical Study

Naylor¹,

Happey²,

MacRae³

1955

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…The nucleus is a viscous fl uid that can only sustain hydrostatic stress in the form of compression, which acts equally in all directions Ekstrom et al, 2004). As the watery nucleus resists compression, stress is distributed circumferentially (hoop stress) because of the pressure pushing it transversely (Naylor et al, 1954). This stress results in strain (deformation per unit length) on the annular collagen fi bres, as it dissipates laterally to the fi bres of the AF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging affects response to cyclic tensile stretch: paradigm for intervertebral disc degeneration

Cho¹,

Seth

Warmbold

et al. 2011

eCM

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Much evidence supports a fundamental role for mechanical forces in modulating differentiation, homeostasis, and remodelling of musculoskeletal cells. Little is known, however, regarding mechanobiology and gene expression of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells from older individuals. To characterise the effect of mechanical stimulation on cells from older discs, an in vitro study of IVD cells harvested from different aged pigs was conducted to measure extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in response to cyclic tensile stress (CTS). Gene expression of annulus fi brosus (AF) cells from IVDs of mature and older pigs was quantifi ed for the predominant ECM genes; type I collagen, type II collagen and aggrecan, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), a collagenase that degrades fi brillar collagens.AF cells cultured on flexible-bottom plates were stretched 10 % at 0.5 Hz frequency. After 24 h, gene expression was assayed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Basal mRNA levels without stretching for type II collagen and aggrecan were lower in older annular cells whereas MMP-1 levels were higher compared to mature cells. Following CTS, an adaptive response was elicited in annular cells from both age groups. ECM protein genes were upregulated, whereas MMP-1 was downregulated. The magnitude of response was signifi cantly greater in older cells as compared to mature cells. These data suggest that the cells from the AF of older animals manifest lower basal levels of mRNA for type II collagen and aggrecan and higher levels of MMP-1 possibly due to decreased tensile stress experienced in vivo and is not the result of reduced capacity for response.

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The Collagenous Changes in the Intervertebral Disk with Age and Their Effect on Its Elasticity

Cited by 58 publications

References 1 publication

Elastic Fibers in the Anulus fibrosus of the Dog Intervertebral Disc

Elastic Fibers in the Anulus fibrosus of the Dog Intervertebral Disc

Changes in the Human Intervertebral Disc With Age: A Biophysical Study

Aging affects response to cyclic tensile stretch: paradigm for intervertebral disc degeneration

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