Changes in the Human Intervertebral Disc With Age: A Biophysical Study

Naylor, A.; Happey, F.; MacRae, T.P.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1955.tb01009.x

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 The CEP has a large number of channels and shares the largest surface area with the NP, which allows for a larger solute flux. 29 , 67 , 87 , 90 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 In addition, the CEP is relatively thin (~2 mm) and porous, which facilitates better transport of molecules. 98 Due to the significant effects of AF and CEP diffusivities on solute concentrations in the inner AF and throughout the IVD, it is essential to include high‐resolution ADC maps for both anatomical parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient‐specific apparent diffusion maps used to model nutrient availability in degenerated intervertebral discs

et al. 2021

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Introduction: In this study, magnetic resonance imaging data was used to (1) model IVD-specific gradients of glucose, oxygen, lactate, and pH; and (2) investigate possible effects of covariate factors (i.e., disc geometry, and mean apparent diffusion coefficient values) on the IVD's microenvironment. Mathematical modeling of the patient's specific IVD microenvironment could be important when selecting patients for stem cell therapy due to the increased nutrient demand created by that treatment.Materials and Methods: Disc geometry and water diffusion coefficients were extracted from MRIs of 37 patients using sagittal T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and ADC Maps. A 2-D steady state finite element mathematical model was developed in COM-SOL Multiphysics ® 5.4 to compute concentration maps of glucose, oxygen, lactate and pH.Results: Concentration of nutrients (i.e., glucose, and oxygen) dropped with increasing distance from the cartilaginous endplates (CEP), whereas acidity levels increased. Most discs experienced poor nutrient levels along with high acidity values in the inner annulus fibrosus (AF). The disc's physiological microenvironment became more deficient as degeneration progressed. For example, minimum glucose concentration in grade 4 dropped by 31.1% compared to grade 3 (p < 0.0001). The model further suggested a strong effect of the following parameters: disc size, AF and CEP diffusivities, metabolic reactions, and cell density on solute concentrations in the disc (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The significance of this work implies that the individual morphology and physiological conditions of each disc, even among discs of the same Pfirrmann grade, should be evaluated when modeling IVD solute concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient‐specific apparent diffusion maps used to model nutrient availability in degenerated intervertebral discs

et al. 2021

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“…The nucleus from young subjects is gellike and contains mucopolysaccharides and collagen fibrils (HIRSCH et al, 1953). The gel-like nature of the nucleus is considered neccessary for the normal transmission of forces equally to all parts of the annulus (NAYLOR, 1958). In the aging nucleus, collagen content increases and water decreases (DAVIDSON and WOODHALL, 1959).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Observation of Collagen Framework of Intervertebral Discs in Rats, Dogs and Humans

Inoue

1973

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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“…The mechanical action of the individual annular bands was reported by Naylor and Smare (1933), Naylor, Happey and McRa~(1954), Happey, Horton, MacRae, Naylor (1955), Naylor, Happey and MacRae (1955), Naylor and Horton (1955), Horton (1958), Naylor (1958), and Naylor (1962). These investigators observed that the initial extensibility of the annular walls occurred as a result of collagen fibril alignment.…”

Section: On the Physical And Mechanical Nature Ofmentioning

confidence: 75%

Dynamic Response Characteristics of the Human Vertebral Column: An Experimental Study on Human Autopsy Specimens

Kazarian¹

1972

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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who spared neither time nor trouble to make the presentation of this thesis possible. Professor Carl Hirsch, Head of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Karolinska Instituter, who opened his clinical facilities to me and allowed me to set up the test equipment in his department. He was my adviser and took great interest in my project. Dr. H. E. von Gierke, for his unhesitating support and encouragement throughout this period of time, as he has done in my past research endeavors. He was responsible for making funds available to construct and forward the impedance tester to the Department of Orthopaedics. The topic for this thesis was suggested by him. Professor Henry Wallman, Chalmers Institute of Technology, who provided valuable guidance and gave me the benefit of his stimulating comments and constructive criticism. Professor Carl Wegelius, Wenner-Gren Research Laboratory-Norrtulls Hospital, for providing me with a multitude of technical and clinical resources and critically evaluating portions of my thesis. Docent Sven Scheller, Chief Radiologist at the Department of Orthopaedics, who interpreted the roentgen films. Docent Urban Ungerstedt for appreciated discussions and assisting with the formalities of presenting this thesis. Dr. C. Holt for his generous financial support through Commander's Funds. The late Dr. F. Berner, who encouraged me by his interest in my work. The Defense Attache Office, American Embassy in Stockholm, and especially G. Flanagan, for his unreserved support. Engr. L. Muhic, who put his unexcelled initiative and knowledge at my disposal and integrated the mechanical-electric components. Engrs. G. T. Collins and W. Hovey for their design and fabrication of the impedance computer. Engr. B. West, who designed and performed the structural analysis of the mechanical hardware. Civ.ing. Bo Klasson and his staff R. Andersson, P. Eriksson, G. Garbergs, G. Soderlund, for the construction and modification of various test jigs, and fabrication of the creep boxes. Catherine Sundstrom for correcting my spelling, weeding out inconsistencies and proofreading my manuscript. Ingrid Lettstrorn, for her patient forbearance in grappling with the intricacies and manifold formalities involved by the financial administration of this project. Karin Johansson, for her preparation of tables and illustrations. Nina Norris Hudson, student at Konstfackskolan, for the pencil illustrations of the spinal columns. Last but not least, I wish to thank my wife for her unreserved support and encouragement throughout the time I have been engaged in this work and for singly shouldering our parental responsibilities.

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Changes in the Human Intervertebral Disc With Age: A Biophysical Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Patient‐specific apparent diffusion maps used to model nutrient availability in degenerated intervertebral discs

Patient‐specific apparent diffusion maps used to model nutrient availability in degenerated intervertebral discs

Three-Dimensional Observation of Collagen Framework of Intervertebral Discs in Rats, Dogs and Humans

Dynamic Response Characteristics of the Human Vertebral Column: An Experimental Study on Human Autopsy Specimens

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