The colour of the coleoptile of wheat. 2. A review and geographical distribution of the purple coleoptile of Triticum aestivum

Abstract

This paper reviews the use of purple/green coleoptiles in wheat variety description, the identification of the anthocyanidins and anthocyanins of the purple coleoptile, its genetics and association with other characteristics.The geographical distribution of 902 Old World local varieties or their selections with purple or green coleoptile were investigated . It appears that there is no clear distribution although in some regions only varieties with green coleoptile occur . It is possible that each of the 3 Re loci has a special geographical distribution which has not been investigated yet .

The association of genes for purple coleoptile with chromosomes of the wheat variety Mironovskaya 808

“…In Mironovskaya 808 we also observed one of the major genes responsible for coleoptile colouration on chromosome 7D, but our results show the other major gene to be located on chromosome 6B . According to ZEVEN (1973) the purple colour of the coleoptile can be decisively influenced by one, two or three allele pairs : Re, on chromosome 7A, Rc2 on 7B and Rc3 on 7D . In this case a new gene, Rc4 must be assumed in chromosome 6B of Mironovskaya 808 which has not yet been demonstrated in other varieties .…”

“…Since eight anthocyanins have been identified in wheat coleoptiles, ZEVEN (1973) assumes that more than three genes must be responsible for this character . This paper reports on the location of genes responsible for the coloration of coleoptiles in the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 .…”

Anthocyanin accumulation and expression pattern of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in developing wheat coleoptiles

“…4). Anthocyanin pigmentation of coleoptiles is controlled by three genes, Rc1, Rc2 and Rc3 that are located on the short arm of chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D, respectively (Zeven, 1973, Khlestkina et al 2002. Kuspira and Unaru (1958) reported that CS carries a recessive allele of R gene.…”

Molecular and functional characterization of wheat near‐isogenic line ‘i:S29Ra’ having intensive anthocyanin pigmentation of the coleoptile, culm, leaves and auricles

“…Nevertheless, inheritance of most traits has been characterized in wheat (Ausemus et al 1946, Zeven 1973, 1985, 1991, Maystrenko and Laikova 1995, Laikova et al 2005, Khlestkina 2013b). Furthermore, most genes determining anthocyanin pigmentation of different parts of wheat plant (with the exception of the genes Ra underpinning auricle pigmentation) have been mapped (Khlestkina et al 2002, 2009, 2010a,b, Dobrovolskaya et al 2006, Tereshchenko et al 2012) and identified to be transcriptional activators of the anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes (Tereshchenko et al 2013).…”