The Combination of Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta, and Loranthus sp. as a Source of Antioxidant Agents

Abstract

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta), and benalu (Loranthus sp.) have often been used by people as medicinal plants. This research aimed to measure the levels of flavonoids, phenolics, and ascorbic acid compounds, as well as the Free Radical Scavenging (FRS) activity of ethyl acetate extract from the mixture of P. niruri, E. hirta, and Loranthus sp. The FRS activity was measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The level of compounds was measured by using the spectrophotometry method with specific reagents. The result of the FRS activity in ethyl acetate extract from the mixture of P. niruri, E. hirta, and Loranthus sp. varied depending on its dose. The measure of FRS in the P. niruri: E. hirta: Loranthus sp 0:0:1 (K-OOL) composition showed a strong result with a value of IC50 97.2 ± 2.1 ppm, while in the 0:0.5:0.5 (K-OEL) composition it was moderate with a value of IC50 147.6 ± 6.5 ppm. The other compositions showed weak and inactive results. The K-OOL composition had the highest flavonoid and phenolic content that were 298.8±0.00 mg QE/g extract and 141.5±2.85 mg GAE/g extract respectively. The composition with the highest ascorbic acid content (298.8±0.00 mg/g extract) was K-OEO composition. So far, research on medicinal plants is still limited to one type of plant. The combination of several types of plants in several formulations allows obtaining a composition that can produce maximum antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this research is expected to produce a combination formulation of various types of medicinal plants that have the K-OOL composition very strong antioxidant activity and can be used as herbal medicines.

The potential of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq and Scurrula ferruginea stem from Syzygium aqueum as source of natural antioxidant

“…and S. ferruginea have very strong antioxidant capacity, equivalent to the strength of ascorbic acid. These results are in accordance with the report of Kristiani & Kasmiyati (2021) reported that the antioxidant ability of the ethanolic extract of Lorathus sp. strong with an IC50 value of 97.2 g/ml.…”

“…Several studies have shown that the reducing ability of Loranthus extracts exhibits dose-dependent properties, such as in Loranthus begins's L. (Oboh et al, 2016). Scurrula ferruginea (Marvibaigi et al, 2014), the combination of Loranthus with Phyllanthus niruri and Euphorbia hirta (Kristiani & Kasmiyati, 2021). The strength of antioxidant capacity of a material can be determine based on the IC50 value (Molyneux, 2004).…”

Combination of Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Meniran Leaves and Kenikir Leaves Against Shigella dysenteriae

“…This was supported by a previous study that the combination of medicinal plants had no synergistic properties in bacterial growth inhibition [16]. Kristen and Kasmiyati, 2021 [22] stated, that the combination of Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta, and Loranthus sp. leaf extracts at a ratio = 0:0:1 obtained the strongest antioxidant activity.…”

“…The filtrate was then concentrated by using a rotary evaporator at 400C to obtain a thick extract of Meniran and Kenikir leaves. The ethanolic extract of Meniran and Kenikir leaves used for antibacterial activity test was at 50% concentration [21,22].…”

antioxidant capacity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of areca nut (Pinanga ceasia Blume), a plant endemic to Central Sulawesi

“…Nilai tersebut jauh lebih tinggi dibanding ekstrak lain yang ada pada kisaran 170 -740 µg ekivalen bioaktif/g ekstrak. Hasil tersebut didukung oleh penelitian Kristiani & Kasmiyati (2021) yang menunjukkan bahwa senyawa fenol lebih berkorelasi dengan kemampuan antioksidan dibandingkan flavonoid atau asam askorbat.…”