The Combined Action Strategy of Two Stresses, Salinity and Cu++ on Growth, Metabolites and Protein Pattern of Wheat Plant

Abstract

The response of wheat plants to different osmotic stress levels varied among the different organs root, shoot and spike and the situation of these organs with application of two Cu ++ levels 5 mM and 25 mM as CuSO 4 . The sensitivity of root organ was related with reduction in fresh, dry matter and length. This resulted from reduction of soluble sugar reflected a reduction in water uptake and K + content of the cell sap. In the moderate organ spike, the reduction in fresh, dry matter and length were concomitant with the accumulation of soluble sugar and a huge accumulation of soluble protein. In the higher organ shoot, this related with more water uptake which in turn induced an accumulation of soluble protein and cofactor K + content. It can be recorded that shoot was higher Na + accumulation than root and spike. Data also showed further stimulatory effect on growth parameters by Cu ++ applications with either concentration (7.5 mM or 25 mM). Irrigating the soil with either 7.5 or 25 mM CuSO 4 induced a huge accumulation in soluble sugar, soluble protein and nitrate reductase. Cupper treatment with either concentration 7.5 mM or 25 mM induced a marked decrease in Na + content at all OSL and has no significant change in the accumulation of K + in both shoot and spike whereas induced a huge accumulation in root organ. The synthesis of protein bands with molecular weight 32.3 KDa at −1.5 MPa NaCl level treated with either 7.5 mM or 25 mM Cu ++ concentrations was induced. Also the appearance of protein band with molecular weight 37KDa induced only at Cu ++ treatments with 25 mM concentration in both control and under different osmotic levels (0.0, −0.3 MPa, −0.9 MPa, −1.5 MPa NaCl).

The Potential Role of Cupper and Combined Action with IAA on Tolerance Strategy of Two Broad Bean Cultivars

“…It has been demonstrated that an excess of Cu 2+ can inhibit the growth of young seedling, root elongation and cause damage to root epidermal cells and root cell membranes [33] [34]. The differential effect of Cu 2+ on root and shoot growth could be accounted for by the fact that Cu 2+ is accumulated mainly in roots and to a minor extent in shoots [13] [35]. In our study, an interesting point was also reported, that the role of Cu 2+ as a fertilizer was more obvious than its toxicity.…”

“…Also, the effect of the pH of the medium and Cu 2+ concentration was examined in order to optimize the evaluation of Cu 2+ tolerance in vitro. Hamdia et al (2017) [13] showed that response of wheat plants to different osmotic stress levels varied among the different organs root, shoot and spike and the situation of these organs with application of two Cu 2+ levels 5 mM and 25 mM as CuSO 4 . Data also showed further stimulatory effect on growth parameters by Cu 2+ applications with either concentration (7.5 mM or 25 mM).…”

“…Assiut 125 some disturbances were recorded, that while the carbohydrates contents increased in some plant organs, the protein contents decreased slightly. This leads us to point out that the heavy metal tolerance was linked with equilibrium in the conversion between carbohydrates and nitrogen metabolism while heavy metal injury leads to the disturbance among the two components [13] [29] [40]. When the plants of cv.…”

“…The uptake, translocation and distribution of mineral ions are affected by various growth regulators among others by IAA. These effects can be evoked by changes in the rate of photosynthesis of a new biomass [13]. Massoud et al (2018) [42] stdudy the mehanisms of Cu 2+ alleviation toxicity in germinating pea seeds by IAA, GA 3 , Ca and citric acid.…”

“…These can lead to physiological alterations, which are widely documented [9] [10]. Cu ++ plays an essential role in cell wall metabolism, signaling to the transcription and protein trafficking machinery, oxidative phosphorylation, iron mobilization and the biogenesis of molybdenum cofactor [11] [12] [13]. On the other side, Cu interferes in several physiological processes and therefore, potentially inhibits plant growth, resulting in a decrease in performance, delays in leaf and root growth, as well as anatomical and ultra structural alterations that often lead to the formation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [14] [15].…”