The coming of age of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the endocrinology laboratory

Quantification of 11 thyroid hormones and associated metabolites in blood using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

“…These low concentration levels make it difficult to separate unbound and protein-bound hormones without disturbing the equilibrium. Thus, current methodologies are not likely to reflect a 'true' picture of thyroid hormone biochemistry [12,13].…”

“…Analytical methods based on mass spectrometry, especially isotope dilution mass spectrometry using selective reaction monitoring, provide more specific quantification technology than standard biological activity techniques (i.e., immunoassays) and thereby offer better precision, accuracy, and reproducibility [12][13][14][15]. Wang and Stapleton described the analysis of T 4 , T 3 , rT 3 , 3,3'-T 2 and 3,5-T 2 in serum [16], and later Kunisue et al included 3-T 1 [17].…”

Biomarker Characterization by MALDI–TOF/MS

“…Since MS offers many analytical advantages over traditional biochemical and immune assays in biomarker detection, it has been used in many biomedical studies and some routine analyses in clinical laboratories [1][2][3][4][5]. MS has been specifically applied in proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, toxicology, endocrinology, genetics, and microbiology to characterize biomarkers such as proteins, peptides, lipids, hormones, metabolites, and nucleotides [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Recently, the application and development of various MS techniques has increased the use of MS in clinical medicine and clinical diagnosis.…”

“…Recently, the application and development of various MS techniques has increased the use of MS in clinical medicine and clinical diagnosis. Methods based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ambient mass spectrometry (AMS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) have been reported in clinical applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Mass spectrometry or immunoassay: est modus in rebus

“…Another advantage of LC-MS/MS over immunoassays is the lack of interference from autoantibodies and heterophilic immunoglobulins whose well-documented interference in immunoassays continues to be a critical problem [1,2]. Initially, the sensitivity of mass spectrometers allowed the measurement of molecules in the micro-millimolar range: now manufacturers have developed instruments for measuring low-molecular-weight molecules present in very low concentrations, such as serum-free testosterone, serum aldosterone, and plasma-free metanephrines [3,4]. Another advantage of LC-MS/MS is that it enables the simultaneous (multiplexing) measurement of more than one analyte, thus making it possible to achieve a complete pattern, such as in steroid profiling [5,6].…”