The common marmoset: A new world primate species with limited Mhc class II variability

Antunes, S. G.; Groot, Natasja G. de; Otting, Nel; Bontrop, Ronald E.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(97)85020-1

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…1997; Uccelli et al . 1997; Antunes et al . 1998), but differentiation of other immune system genes is quite similar to man in complexity (Uccelli et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex alternative splicing of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein gene is unique to human and non‐human primates

Delarasse

Gaspera

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a minor integral membrane protein specific to CNS myelin, encoded by a gene located in the major histocompatibility complex. MOG is an highly encephalitogenic autoantigen and a target for autoaggressive immune responses in CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases. We performed transcriptomic analyses for a gene expressed only in mammalian CNS, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Complex splicing patterns were exclusively found in primates and not in mice, unlike patterns found for other myelin protein genes. In addition to those shared with rodents, these multiple MOG isoforms likely support functions unique to the primate order, in particular maintenance of myelin structure, intracellular signaling, and modulation of CNS autoimmunity via exposure of specific MOG determinants. Developmentally, in human brain the splice variants of MOG appear at a late stage compared to the major isoform, coincidental with myelination and myelin maturation, unlike other myelin proteins. These findings are discussed within the framework of a biological basis for phenotype diversity in recent mammalian evolution and for the notoriously variable clinical expression of diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

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“…1997; Uccelli et al . 1997; Antunes et al . 1998), but differentiation of other immune system genes is quite similar to man in complexity (Uccelli et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex alternative splicing of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein gene is unique to human and non‐human primates

Delarasse

Gaspera

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…1999, 2000). In non‐model species this technique was applied for MHC II typing in the common marmoset (Antunes et al. 1998).…”

Section: Pcr‐based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for MHC genotyping in non‐model vertebrates

Babik

2010

Molecular Ecology Resources

131

192

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Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are considered a paradigm of adaptive evolution at the molecular level and as such are frequently investigated by evolutionary biologists and ecologists. Accurate genotyping is essential for understanding of the role that MHC variation plays in natural populations, but may be extremely challenging. Here, I discuss the DNA-based methods currently used for genotyping MHC in non-model vertebrates, as well as techniques likely to find widespread use in the future. I also highlight the aspects of MHC structure that are relevant for genotyping, and detail the challenges posed by the complex genomic organization and high sequence variation of MHC loci. Special emphasis is placed on designing appropriate PCR primers, accounting for artefacts and the problem of genotyping alleles from multiple, co-amplifying loci, a strategy which is frequently necessary due to the structure of the MHC. The suitability of typing techniques is compared in various research situations, strategies for efficient genotyping are discussed and areas of likely progress in future are identified. This review addresses the well established typing methods such as the Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Reference Strand Conformational Analysis (RSCA) and cloning of PCR products. In addition, it includes the intriguing possibility of direct amplicon sequencing followed by the computational inference of alleles and also next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies; the latter technique may, in the future, find widespread use in typing complex multilocus MHC systems.

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“…MHC polymorphisms may have a profound impact on several features such as disease susceptibility, organ transplantation, and reproductive success (Lagaaij et al 1989; Goulder and Watkins 2004; Bontrop and Watkins 2005; Ziegler et al 2005; Smith et al 2006). The MHC systems of various primate species, including humans, have been studied extensively (Watkins 1995; Antunes et al 1998; Bontrop et al 1999; Adams and Parham 2001; de Groot et al 2002; Lafont et al 2004; Middleton et al 2004; Marsh et al 2005; Penedo et al 2005; Abbott et al 2006; Huchard et al 2006). For example, the MHC of the rhesus macaque ( MhcMamu ), an Old World primate species, has been shown to share many similarities with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MHC class I A region diversity and polymorphism in macaque species

et al. 2007

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The HLA-A locus represents a single copy gene that displays abundant allelic polymorphism in the human population, whereas, in contrast, a nonhuman primate species such as the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) possesses multiple HLA-A-like (Mamu-A) genes, which parade varying degrees of polymorphism. The number and combination of transcribed Mamu-A genes present per chromosome display diversity in a population of Indian animals. At present, it is not clearly understood whether these different A region configurations are evolutionarily stable entities. To shed light on this issue, rhesus macaques from a Chinese population and a panel of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were screened for various A region-linked variations. Comparisons demonstrated that most A region configurations are old entities predating macaque speciation, whereas most allelic variation (>95%) is of more recent origin. The latter situation contrasts the observations of the major histocompatibility complex class II genes in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, which share a high number of identical alleles (>30%) as defined by exon 2 sequencing.

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The common marmoset: A new world primate species with limited Mhc class II variability

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Complex alternative splicing of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein gene is unique to human and non‐human primates

Complex alternative splicing of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein gene is unique to human and non‐human primates

Methods for MHC genotyping in non‐model vertebrates

MHC class I A region diversity and polymorphism in macaque species

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