The Comparative Physiological Development of the Reproductive and Adrenal Axis of the Gilt From Weaning to Puberty

Evans, F. D.; Christopherson, R. J.; Aherne, F. X.

doi:10.4141/cjas88-127

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hence, the biometrical data of the reproductive tract presented herein may reflect the similar growth pattern reported by Evans et al. () and Almeida et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Recent data on pre-pubertal female pigs showed that despite differences in body weight at slaughter between high and low birthweight gilts, weight and length of the genital tract, or their relative weights, were not affected by birthweight, suggesting that size of reproductive organs is not affected by body size (Almeida et al, 2015). Hence, the biometrical data of the reproductive tract presented herein may reflect the similar growth pattern reported by Evans et al (1988) andAlmeida et al (2015). Indeed, the key to good reproductive performance and high prolificacy during the productive life of the sow is proper genital tract development (Martin Rillo, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Notwithstanding the differences in body weight at slaughter between HW and LW gilts, weight and length of the genital tract were not affected by birthweight, suggesting that size of reproductive organs is not affected by body size, except for vaginal length, which was shorter in LW females. According to Evans, Cristopherson, and Aherne (), growth of reproductive tract organs does not follow the sigmoidal growth curve of the animal. From birth until an age of 70 days, there is a linear growth in weight of the oviduct and uterus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ovarian follicle development and genital tract characteristics in different birthweight gilts at 150 days of age

Almeida

Dias

Moreira

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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In the last decades, selection for improved prolificacy has resulted in higher litter sizes and has thereby increased the proportion of low birthweight (LW) piglets. It is well documented that LW piglets have lower growth performance, muscle accretion and poor carcass quality. However, little is known about the relations of birthweight with subsequent reproductive performance in gilts. This study investigated the effects of birthweight on reproductive tract and ovarian follicle development in 150-day-old gilts. Twenty eight female pigs of different birthweight ranges (high-HW: 1.8-2.2 kg; low-LW: 0.8-1.2 kg) from higher parity commercial sows were reared until 150 days of age, and their body weights were recorded at weaning, end of nursery and end of the grower-finisher phase. The animals were killed and their reproductive tracts collected for biometrical and histomorphometrical analysis. LW gilts showed significantly lower body weights and growth rates during all phases of production compared to their HW counterparts (p < .01). Most biometrical measurements of the reproductive tract were similar between the experimental groups, except vaginal length and the gonadossomatic index (relative ovarian weight), which were affected by birthweight class (p < .05). LW females also showed fewer medium size (3-5 mm; p < .01) ovarian follicles, pre-antral follicles (p < .07) and more atretic follicles per ovarian cortex area (p < .05). Therefore, besides the effects on post-natal growth performance, birthweight affects vaginal length and the follicular dynamics process, which may impair the reproductive performance of replacement gilts.

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“…Hence, the biometrical data of the reproductive tract presented herein may reflect the similar growth pattern reported by Evans et al. () and Almeida et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ovarian follicle development and genital tract characteristics in different birthweight gilts at 150 days of age

Almeida

Dias

Moreira

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Data indicating that uteri of gilts ovariectomized on neonatal Day 20 continue to grow to Day 180 [22] support the idea that nonovarian factors affect porcine uterine growth throughout this period. Moreover, no clear relationship exists between patterns of growth of adrenal or thyroid glands and gross aspects of reproductive tract growth in gilts between weaning and puberty [45]. These observations reinforce the idea that factors of local origin may be essential for support of uterine wall development in the neonatal pig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Neonatal Porcine Endometrial Development Involves Coordinated Changes in DNA Synthesis, Glycosaminoglycan Distribution, and 3H-Glucosamine Labeling1

Spencer

Bartol

Wiley

et al. 1993

Biology of Reproduction

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To determine whether neonatal porcine endometrial development involved alterations in endometrial DNA synthesis, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution, and/or 3H-glucosamine labeling, gilts were assigned randomly at birth (Day 0) to be hysterectomized on either Day 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56. Uteri were processed for histology and Alcian blue-8GX (AB) histochemistry or cultured as explants in the presence of [methyl-3H]thymidine (3H-Thd) or D-[6-3H]glucosamine (3H-GlcN) and processed for subsequent autoradiography. For 3H-Thd-labeled tissues, labeling index (LI; % of nuclei labeled) was determined for two endometrial tissues (epithelium and stroma); two epithelial areas (luminal and glandular); and, for glandular epithelium, in three endometrial zones (zone 1 = shallow, zone 2 = intermediate, zone 3 = deep). For 3H-GlcN-labeled tissues, LI (grains/100 microns2) was determined for two stromal zones (shallow and deep). Endometrial glands were absent on Day 0, present in shallow stroma on Days 7 and 14, and extended to the myometrium in tissues from Day 28 through Day 56. Appearance of endometrial glands was associated with a dramatic increase in glandular epithelial 3H-Thd LI, which was maximal on Days 7 and 14 and declined thereafter. When glands were present in all three endometrial zones (Days 28-56), glandular epithelial 3H-Thd LI was consistently greatest in zone 2. Stromal 3H-Thd LI decreased after Day 0. In tissues obtained after Day 0, a distinct zone of alcianophilia was observed in shallow stroma adjacent to luminal epithelium and surrounding the necks of newly developed endometrial glands. This staining pattern was marked in tissues from Days 7, 14, and 28. Generally, stromal 3H-GlcN LI was greater in shallow than in deep stromal zones; it decreased after Day 0 to minimum values on Days 28 and 42 in both zones, and increased slightly in shallow stroma on Day 56. Data indicate that development of the neonatal porcine endometrium between birth and Day 56 involves coordinated alterations in patterns of DNA synthesis, GAG distribution, and glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The morphogenetic processes characterized here are likely to be regulated locally via changes in tissue microenvironment.

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“…In this regard, consideration must also be given to the fact that signaling through the ER can originate directly, via estrogen-dependent activation [12], or indirectly, through crosstalk between membrane-mediated signal transduction systems and the ER [13]. It is not likely that the neonatal porcine uterus is exposed to more than negligible levels of circulating estrogens [27,28]. Similarly, it does not seem likely, given probable limitations of substrate, that the neonatal endometrium might acquire the ability to synthesize estrogen, although aromatase expression is documented for the porcine endometrium [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endometrial Development and Adenogenesis in the Neonatal Pig: Effects of Estradiol Valerate and the Antiestrogen ICI 182,7801

Tarleton

Wiley

Bartol

1999

Biology of Reproduction

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In the pig, appearance of endometrial glands between birth (postnatal day [PND] 0) and PND 14 involves development of estrogen receptor-alpha-positive (ER+) phenotype by, and increased DNA synthesis in, nascent glandular epithelium (GE). To determine whether ER activation is required for this process, gilts were treated daily with either vehicle, the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI), estradiol-17beta valerate (EV), or both ICI and EV. Treatments began on PND 0, before onset of adenogenesis, or on PND 7, after onset of gland proliferation. Uteri obtained on PNDs 7 and 14 (study one) or on PND 14 (study two) were weighed; uterine histology was evaluated; DNA synthesis in luminal epithelium and GE was characterized by determining 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index; and patterns of ER mRNA expression were evaluated in situ (study one). Gland genesis was inhibited by ICI, which decreased gland penetration depth by PND 14 in study one, both endometrial thickness and BrdU-labeling index in GE in study two, and increased stromal cell compaction in both studies. Uterotropic effects of EV included increased gland development and epithelial BrdU labeling and decreased stromal compaction. These effects were inhibited by coadministration of ICI. Treatments did not alter ER mRNA expression, which remained limited to stroma and GE. Data indicate that endometrial maturation and adenogenesis in the neonatal pig require expression and activation of a functional ER system.

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The Comparative Physiological Development of the Reproductive and Adrenal Axis of the Gilt From Weaning to Puberty

Abstract: physiological development of the reproductive and adrenal axis of the gilt from weaning to puberty. Can. J. Anim. Sci

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Ovarian follicle development and genital tract characteristics in different birthweight gilts at 150 days of age

Ovarian follicle development and genital tract characteristics in different birthweight gilts at 150 days of age

Neonatal Porcine Endometrial Development Involves Coordinated Changes in DNA Synthesis, Glycosaminoglycan Distribution, and 3H-Glucosamine Labeling1

Endometrial Development and Adenogenesis in the Neonatal Pig: Effects of Estradiol Valerate and the Antiestrogen ICI 182,7801

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