The comparatives of growth and carcass performance of the Thai native chicken between economic selection (Chee KKU12) and natural selection (Chee N)

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

To improve the body weight and growth performance traits of crossbred Thai indigenous chickens, phenotypic performance and genetic values were estimated. Crossbred Thai indigenous chickens, designated KKU1 and KKU2, were compared. The data included 1375 records of body weight (BW0, BW2, BW4, and BW16), breast circumference at 6 weeks of age (BrC6), and average daily gain (ADG0–2, ADG0–4, and ADG0–6). A multi-trait animal model with the average information-restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) was used to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values. The results showed that the body weight and breast circumference traits (BW2, BW4, BW6, and BrC6) for the mixed sex KKU1 chickens were higher than for the KKU2 chickens (p < 0.05). For the growth performance traits, the KKU1 chickens had higher average daily gain and feed intake and a lower feed conversion ratio than the KKU2 chickens (p < 0.05). The survival rates were not different except at up to 6 weeks of age, when that of the KKU1 chickens was slightly lower. The specific combining ability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, and estimated breeding values showed that the KKU1 chickens had better genetics than the KKU2 chickens. In conclusion, KKU1 chickens are suitable for development as crossbred Thai indigenous chickens for enhanced growth performance and for commercial use.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Comparative Study of Phenotypes and Genetics Related to the Growth Performance of Crossbred Thai Indigenous (KKU1 vs. KKU2) Chickens under Hot and Humid Conditions

Chomchuen

Tuntiyasawasdikul

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

“…Our researchers have improved their genetic growth performance since 2002. However, HB has a small size with a slow growth rate, and its ability to grow is limited; the matured weight was reported to be range approximately from 1250 to 1550 g [40][41][42][43]. The negative values in HB indicate that the growth genetics were not affected by their growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Abilities, Heterosis, Growth Performance, and Carcass Characteristics in a Diallel Cross from Black-Bone Chickens and Thai Native Chickens

Sungkhapreecha

Duangjinda

et al. 2022

Animals

The purpose of this study was to determine the combining abilities and heterosis for the growth performance and carcass characteristics in crosses between Hmong black-bone (HB), Chinese black-bone (CB), and Thai native (TN) chickens using a mating system diallel crossing. Nine crossbred chickens including HB × HB, CB × CB, TN × TN, HB × TN, TN × HB, CB × HB, HB × CB, TN × CB, and CB × TN, were tested. The total data were 699 recorded at the beginning of the experiment to 595 recorded in weeks 14 of age. Body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SUR) were recorded. Heterosis and combining ability regarding general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and reciprocal combining ability (RCA) were estimated. The study found that CB had the greatest BW and ADG at all weeks (p < 0.05) except for hatch, while those of HB were the lowest. The highest GCA was found in CB; meanwhile, GCA was significantly negative in HB of all ages. Crossing between TN × CB had the greatest BW from 8 weeks of age, which was related to positive SCA and RCA values. However, the RCA value of TN × CB was lower than the SCA value of CB × TN. The yield percentages of the carcass in CB (87.00%) were higher than those in TN (85.05%) and HB (82.91%) (p < 0.05). The highest breast and thigh meat lightness (L*) values were obtained in TN (p < 0.05), while those of CB and HB were not different (p > 0.05). In the crossbreed, the yield percentage of the carcass was highest in TN × CB (89.65%) and CB × TN (88.55%) (p > 0.05) and was lowest in TN × HB (71.91%) (p < 0.05). The meat and skin color of the breast and thigh parts in the crossbreed had the lowest lightness in HB × CB (27.91 to 38.23) (p < 0.05), while those of TN × CB and CB × TN were insignificant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, crossing between the TN sires and CB dams has the preferable potential to develop crossbred Thai native chickens for commercial use based on their high growth performance.

“…At the same time, Guni et al [ 24 ] found that at 20 weeks of age, Kuroiler and Sasso chickens (exotic breeds) raised in the testing station had higher body weights (2313.1 and 2708.8 g, respectively) than those raised on the farm (1995.2 and 1745.9 g, respectively). However, a comparison of the body weight of the native chickens in this study with that of other Thai native chickens showed that the chickens in this study had body weights 122 g higher than that of Chee chickens [ 9 ] and 88 g higher than that of Leung Hang Khao chickens [ 13 , 14 ]. In addition, the body weights were higher than those of native chickens in Korea [ 25 ], chicken strains in Egypt [ 26 ], Venda chickens of South Africa [ 29 ], and native chickens of Ethiopia [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The main advantages of native chickens are that they are easy to raise and well adapted to local conditions, especially to the use of local feed source, and have an excellent ability to resist disease and poor weather compared to exotic chicken breeds [ 5 , 6 ]. From a marketing perspective, native chicken meat has proven itself in many ways, such as its distinct taste and flavor [ 7 ], and is used as a health food because of its low cholesterol [ 8 ] and high nutritional components [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], which are essential human health considerations. Therefore, native chicken meat has created a rapidly increasing demand in the chicken market for consumers [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Comparisons of Body Weight, Average Daily Gain, and Breast Circumference between Slow-Growing Thai Native Chickens (Pradu Hang dum) Raised On-Site Farm and On-Station

Chaikuad

Loengbudnark

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

To ensure that any new technology developed within an experimental station is appropriate to the community’s needs and compatible with the existing systems, on-site farm research is an important component in examining the effectiveness of agricultural research. The present study examined the growth performance and genetics of Thai native chickens under conditions typically experienced by farmers on smallholder farms (on-site farms) compared with at an experimental unit (on-station). There were 1694 Thai native chickens (Pradu Hang dum) used in this experiment, and they were divided into 613 chickens for the on-station and 1081 chickens for the on-site farm experiments. The individual chicken data included the birth weight (BW0) and body weight at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age (BW4, BW8, BW12, and BW16, respectively), ADG from 0–4, 4–8, 8–12, 12–16 weeks of age (ADG0–4, ADG4–8, ADG8–12, ADG12–16, respectively), and breast circumference at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age (BrC8, BrC12, BrC16, respectively). A multiple traits animal model and a selection index were used to estimate the variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values of growth traits. The results showed that the body weight, average daily gain, and breast circumference at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age of Thai native chickens raised on-station were higher than those raised on-site at the farm among mixed-sex and sex-segregated chickens, while the birth weight and body weight at four weeks of age (BW0 and BW4) and ADG from 0–4 weeks of age (ADG0–4) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The heritability estimates of body weight, average daily gain, and breast circumference in the chickens raised at the on-site farm and on-station were moderate to high, with on-station values slightly higher than on-site farm values. The heritability estimates of body weight were 0.236 to 0.499 for the on-site farm, and 0.291 to 0.499 for on-station. For average daily gain, the heritability estimates were 0.274 to 0.283 for the on-site farm and 0.298 to 0.313 for on-station; meanwhile, and for breast circumference, the heritability estimates were 0.204 to 0.268 for the on-site farm and 0.278 to 0.296 for on-station. Both phenotypic and genetic correlations among and between growth traits were positive and ranged from low to high values. The top 20% of the estimated breeding values and selection indices in the on-site farm and on-station experiments showed that the body weight at eight weeks of age (BW8), ADG from 4–8 weeks of age (ADG4–8), and breast circumference at eight weeks of age (BrC8) should be used as selection criteria for Thai native chicken breeding programs. In conclusion, the genetic parameters and breeding values in on-station experiments showed that the breeding program by selection index for improving growth performance is valid. Therefore, to implement such a breeding program in an on-site farm, an intensive or semi-intensive farm system should be considered to minimize the effect of genotype-environment interaction.